Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963435
© Karl Demeter Verlag im Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Cost-Saving Analysis of Screening Colonoscopy in Germany[*]
Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse der präventiven Koloskopie in DeutschlandPublication History
manuscript received: 24.6.2007
manuscript accepted: 16.7.2007
Publication Date:
17 September 2007 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Die präventive Koloskopie wurde 2002 in das Nationale Früherkennungsprogramm in Deutschland eingeführt. Wir berechneten Kosten und Einsparungen der Screening- und Nachsorge-Koloskopien, um herauszufinden, ob die Einsparungen die Kosten des Screeningmodells kompensieren. Methoden: Die Studie ist eine Modellkalkulation basierend auf einer großen Online-Dokumentation der Vorsorge-Koloskopie. Die Kosten und möglichen Einsparungen der präventiven Koloskopie wurden über einen definierten Zeitraum von 10 Jahren ausgewertet. Die Basisdaten über Befunde, Komplikationen und Kosten der präventiven Koloskopie wurden einer großen Online-Dokumentation mit 109 989 Untersuchungen und der aktuellen Bezahlung präventiver Punktwerte in der ambulanten Medizin in Deutschland entnommen. Plausible Basisparameter über die Charakteristika der Screening- und Nachsorge-Koloskopie, der Adenom-Karzinom-Progression, des Wiederauftretens von Adenomen und der Kosten für Diagnose und Behandlung von kolorektalen Karzinomen wurden den verfügbaren Datenquellen entnommen. Der Einfluss der wichtigsten Annahmen in dem Modell wurde durch Sensitivitätsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Ein Programm, das auf einer einmaligen Screening-Koloskopie beruht, kann in Deutschland in einem Zeitraum von 10 Jahren zu Netto-Einsparungen führen, die durch eine Vermeidung von Darmkrebs-Behandlungskosten zustande kommen, die die gesamten Screening-, Nachsorge- und Komplikationskosten kompensieren. Die durchschnittlichen Einsparungen pro Koloskopie liegen zwischen 121 € und 623 €, wobei in unserem Modell verschiedene Progressions- und Rekurrenzraten von Adenomen und Karzinomen und Karzinomkosten zwischen 21 820 € und 40 000 € angenommen wurden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Analyse der empirisch erhobenen Daten aus einem deutschlandweiten Screening-Koloskopie-Programm zeigt Netto-Einsparungen durch die Prävention kolorektaler Karzinome, die die gesamten Kosten von Screening und Nachsorge kompensieren. Limitationen des Modells ergeben sich aus der Tatsache, dass die Annahmen für einzelne Modellparameter aus der Literatur entnommen werden mussten.
Abstract
Background: Screening colonoscopy was introduced into the National Cancer Prevention Program in Germany in 2002. We have explored costs and savings of screening and surveillance colonoscopy to investigate whether the induced savings may compensate for the costs of screening. Methods: The study design was a model calculation based on data of a large-scale documentation of screening colonoscopy. The costs and savings of screening colonoscopy were evaluated over a defined period of 10 years. Basic data about findings, adverse effects and costs of screening colonoscopy were obtained from a large-scale online registry of 109 989 procedures and from the actual payments of procedures in Germany. Plausible baseline parameter values of the characteristics of screening and surveillance colonoscopy, of adenoma progression and recurrence, and of costs for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer were based on available data. The impact of major model assumptions was evaluated by sensitivity analyses. Results: A programme based on one-time screening colonoscopy could result in net savings over a period of 10 years in Germany due to avoidance of cancer treatment costs compensating for the costs of screening, surveillance and adverse effects. Average net savings from € 121 to € 623 per screenee could be achieved according to our model assuming different progression and recurrence rates of adenomas and carcinoma costs from € 21 820 to € 40 000. Limitations: For some major model parameters assumptions had to be derived from the literature. Conclusions: This analysis based on empirical data from the nationwide screening colonoscopy programme in Germany suggests net savings resulting from colorectal cancer prevention that compensate for the costs of screening and surveillance.
Schlüsselwörter
kolorektales Karzinom - Adenom - Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse - Prävention - Screening - Koloskopie
Key words
colorectal cancer - Adenoma - cost-saving analysis - prevention - screening - colonoscopy
1 Part of the results has been presented as oral presentation at the German Cancer Congress 2006 in Berlin and as poster at the DDW 2006 in Los Angeles.
References
- 1
Schmiegel W, Pox C, Adler G. et al .
S3-Guidelines Colorectal Cancer 2004.
Z Gastroenterol.
2004;
42
1129-1177
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2 last accessed 13 June 2007 http://www.rki.de/cln_011 /nn_226 978 /DE/Content/GBE/DachdokKrebs/Broschuere/kid2006,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/kid2006
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3
Richtlinien des Bundesausschusses der Ärzte und Krankenkassen über die Früherkennung
von Krebserkrankungen.
Dtsch Ärztebl.
2002;
11
518-521
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4
Mandel J S, Bond J H, Church T R. et al .
Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood.
N Engl J Med.
1993;
328
1365-1371
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5
Hardcastle J D, Chamberlain J O, Robinson M HE. et al .
Randomized controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer.
Lancet.
1996;
348
1472-1477
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6
Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olson J. et al .
Randomized study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test.
Lancet.
1996;
348
1467-1471
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7
Kewenter J, Brevinge H.
Endoscopic and surgical complications of work-up in screening for colorectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum.
1996;
39
676-680
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8
Newcomb P A, Norfleet R G, Storer B E. et al .
Screening sigmoidoscopy and colorectal cancer mortality.
J Natl Cancer Inst.
1992;
84
1572-1575
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9
Selby J V, Friedman G D, Quesenberry C P. et al .
A case-control-study of screening sigmoidoscopy and mortality from colorectal cancer.
N Engl J Med.
1993;
118
1-6
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10
Schoen R E, Pinsky P F, Weissfeld J L. et al .
Results of repeat sigmoidoscopy 3 years after a negative examination.
JAMA.
2003;
290
41-44
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11
Lieberman D A, Weiss D G. For the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group 380 .
One-time screening for colorectal cancer with combined fecal occult-blood testing
and examination of the distal colon.
New Engl J Med.
2001;
345
555-560
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12
Muller Jr A, Sonnenberg A.
Prevention of colorectal cancer by flexible endoscopy and polypectomy. A case-controlled
study of 32,702 veterans.
Ann Intern Med.
1995;
123
904-910
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13
Brenner H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C. et al .
Long-lasting reduction of risk of colorectal cancer following screening endoscopy.
Br J Cancer.
2001;
85
972-976
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14
Winawer S J, Zauber A G, Ho M N. et al .
Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy.
New Engl J Med.
1993;
329
1977-1981
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15
Sieg A, Theilmeier A.
Results of colonoscopy screening in 2005 - an internet based documentation.
Dtsch Med Wschr.
2006;
131
379-383
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16
Pignone M, Saha S, Hoerger T. et al .
Cost-effectiveness analyses of colorectal cancer screening: A systematic review for
the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Int Med.
2002;
137
E96-E106
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17 Statistisches Bundesamt .Fachserie 12, Reihe 6.3. 2002
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18
Bömermann H.
Entwicklung und Bewertung der Krankenhausverweildauer auf Mirko- und Makroebene. Ist
der arithmetische Mittelwert ein geeignetes Verweildauermaß?.
Berliner Statistik, Monatsschrift.
2004;
4
145-149
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19
Winawer S J, Fletcher R H, Miller L. et al .
Colorectal cancer screening: Clinical guidelines and rationale.
Gastroenterology.
1997;
112
594-642
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20
Hixson L J, Fennerty M B, Sampliner R E. et al .
Prospective blinded trial of the colonoscopic miss-rate of large colorectal polyps.
Gastrointestin Endosc.
1991;
37
125-127
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21
Rex D K, Cutler C S, Lemmel G T. et al .
Colonoscopic miss rates of adenomas determined by back-to-back colonoscopies.
Gastroenterology.
1997;
112
24-28
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22
Pickhardt P J, Choi R J, Hwang I. et al .
Computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy to screen for colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic
adults.
New Engl J Med.
2003;
349
2191-2200
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23
Eide T J.
Risk of colorectal cancer in adenoma-bearing individuals within a defined population.
Int J Cancer.
1986;
38
173-176
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24
Stryker S J, Wolff B G, Culp C E. et al .
Natural history of untreated colonic polyps.
Gastroenterology.
1987;
93
1009-1013
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25
Nusko G, Mansmann U, Kirchner T. et al .
Risk related surveillance following colorectal polypectomy.
Gut.
2002;
51
424-428
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26
Ladabaum U, Song K.
Projected national impact of colorectal cancer screening on clinical and economic
outcomes and health services demand.
Gastroenterology.
2005;
129
1151-1162
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 27
Winawer S J, Zauber A G, O’Brien M J. et al .
Randomized comparison of surveillance intervals after colonoscopic removal of newly
diagnosed adenomatous polyps. The National Polyp Study Workgroup.
New Engl J Med.
1993;
328
901-906
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 28 accessed November 2005 http://www.gbe-bund.de/oowa921-install/servlet/oowa/aw92 /WS0100 /_XWD_PROC?_XWD_2
/ 3 /XWD_CUBE.DRILL/_XWD_32 /D.946 / 14 511
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 29
Lamberti C, Di Blasi K, Archut D. et al .
Population-based registration of unselected colorectal cancer patients: Five-year
survival in the region of Bonn/Rhine-Sieg, Germany.
Z Gastroenterol.
2005;
43
149-154
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 30
Loeve F, Brown M L, Boer R. et al .
Endoscopic colorectal cancer screening: A cost-saving analysis.
J Natl Cancer Inst.
2000;
92
557-563
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 31 Wagner J, Tunis S, Brown M. et al .Cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults. Young G, Rozen P, Levin B Prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer London; Saunders 1996: 321-356
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 32
Frazier A L, Colditz G A, Fuchs C S. et al .
Cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer in the general population.
JAMA.
2000;
284
1954-1961
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 33
Khandker R K, Dulski J D, Kilpatrick J B. et al .
A decision model and cost-effectiveness analysis of colorectal cancer screening and
surveillance guidelines for average-risk adults.
Int J Technol Ass Health Care.
2000;
16
799-810
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 34
Sonnenberg A, Delcò F, Inadomi J M.
Cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy in screening for colorectal cancer.
Ann Intern Med.
2000;
133
573-584
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 35
Vijan S, Hwang E F, Hofer T P. et al .
Which colon cancer screening test? A comparison of costs, effectiveness, and compliance.
Am J Med.
2001;
111
592-601
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 36
Sieg A, Hachmoeller-Eisenbach U, Eisenbach T h.
prospective evaluation of complications in outpatient GI endoscopy: a survey among
German gastroenterologists.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2001;
53
620-627
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 37
Korman L Y, Overholt B F, Box T. et al .
Perforation during colonoscopy in endoscopic ambulatory surgical centers.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2003;
58
554-557
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 38
Morikawa T, Kato J, Yamaij Y. et al .
A comparison of the immunochemical fecal occult blood test and total colonoscopy in
the asymptomatic population.
Gastroenterol.
2005;
129
422-428
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 39
Waye J D, Lewis B S, Yessayan S.
Colonoscopy: a prospective report of complications.
J Clin Gastroenterol.
1992;
15
347-351
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 40
Puchner R, Allinger S, Dolbhofer F. et al .
Komplikationen der diagnostischen und interventionellen Koloskopie.
Wiener Klin Woschr.
1996;
108
42-46
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 41
Kewenter J, Brevinge H.
Endoscopic and surgical complications of work-up in screening for colorectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum.
1996;
39
676-680
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 42
Zubarik R, Fleischer D E, Mastropietro C. et al .
Prospective analysis of complications 30 days after outpatient colonoscopy.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1999;
50
322-328
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 43
Nelson D B, McQuaid K R, Bond J H. et al .
Procedural success and complications of large-scale screening colonoscopy.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2002;
55
307-314
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 44
Chen C D, Yen M F, Wang W M. et al .
A case-cohort study for the disease natural history of adenoma-carcinoma and de novo
carcinoma and surveillance of colon and rectum after polypectomy: implication for
efficacy of colonoscopy.
Br J Cancer.
2003;
88
1866-1873
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 45
Heldwein W, Dollhopf M, Roesch T. et al .
The Munich polypectomy study (MUPS): Prospective analysis of complications and risk
factors in 4000 colonoic snare polypectomies.
Endoscopy.
2005;
37
1116-1122
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
1 Part of the results has been presented as oral presentation at the German Cancer Congress 2006 in Berlin and as poster at the DDW 2006 in Los Angeles.
Prof. Dr. Andreas Sieg
Praxis für Gastroenterologie
Römerstr. 7
69115 Heidelberg
Germany
Phone: ++ 49/62 21/6 59 99 31
Fax: ++ 49/62 21/6 59 99 33
Email: dr.andreas.sieg@t-online.de