Abstract
Purpose: There are no data concerning neonatal group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization during
water birth born to GBS-positive mothers. Material and Methods: Between April 1998 and January 2006 vaginal and rectal swabs were taken to assess
the GBS carrier status from women interested in water birth (966); 31.2 % of the women
tested positive. The study group (SG) was composed of 213 (22.3 %) women who had a
water birth. The control group (CG) of 261 (27.3 %) had a spontaneous vaginal delivery
preceded by immersion. Not included in the analyses were women who had an operative
delivery or a spontaneous cephalic delivery without immersion. From 139 neonates of
the SG and 84 neonates of the CG the mothers gave permission to take the nasal and
pharyngeal swabs. Additionally we analyzed water samples for GBS. All specimens were
inoculated into a highly sensitive selective broth, and GBS was detected with a commercially
available gene probe. Results: GBS carriers were evenly distributed in both groups (vaginal swabs: SG 23.3 %/CG
24.4 %, ns; rectal swabs SG 29.4 %/CG 24.7 %, ns). The bathwater was significantly
more often contaminated (p < 0.001) after water birth. Children born in water were
significantly less colonized with GBS (nasal swabs: SG 1.5 %/CG 11.7 % p = 0.005;
pharyngeal swabs: SG 1.4 %/CG 8.4 % p = 0.024). Neonatal and maternal postpartum outcome
parameters of the SG and the CG were comparable. Conclusions: GBS carrier status is not a contraindication for water delivery. Neonates born in
water by mothers who are GBS carriers are less colonized.
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Die Neugeborenen-Kolonisationsrate mit Gruppe-B-Streptokokken (GBS), die von GBS-positiven
Müttern im Wasser geboren werden, ist unbekannt. Material und Methodik: Von April 1998 bis Januar 2006 wurden bei allen Schwangeren (966), die sich für eine
Wassergeburt interessierten, rektale und vaginale Abstriche auf GBS entnommen, um
den Trägerstatus zu eruieren. Positiv getestet wurden hiervon 31,2 % der Schwangeren.
In der Studiengruppe (SG) waren 213 (22,3 %) Frauen, die eine Wassergeburt und in
der Kontrollgruppe (CG) 261 (27,3 %) Frauen, die eine spontane Vaginalgeburt nach
einem Entspannungsbad hatten. Nicht eingeschlossen wurden jene Frauen, die eine operative
Geburtsbeendigung oder eine spontane Vaginalgeburt ohne Entspannungsbad hatten (50,4
%). Bei 139 Neugeborenen der SG und 84 der CG erlaubten die Mütter die Entnahme eines
Nasen- und Rachenabstriches. Zudem wurden Wasserproben auf GBS untersucht. Alle Abstriche
wurden in ein sensitives Medium inokuliert, und GBS mithilfe einer kommerziellen Genprobe
detektiert. Ergebnisse: Der Prozentsatz der GBS-Trägerinnen war in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar (Vaginalabstriche:
SG 23,3 %/CG 24,4 %, ns; Rektalabstriche: SG 29,4 %/CG 24,7 %, ns). Das Badewasser
war signifikant häufiger mit GBS kontaminiert (p < 0,001) nach einer Wassergeburt.
Neugeborene, die im Wasser geboren wurden, waren signifikant seltener mit GBS kolonisiert
(Nasenabstrich: SG 1,5 %/CG 11,7 % p = 0,005; Rachenabstrich: SG 1,4 %/CG 8,4 % p
= 0,024). Das postpartale Outcome der Neugeborenen und der Mütter war in beiden Gruppen
vergleichbar. Schlussfolgerung: Gemäß unserer Studienkollektivdaten ist ein positiver GBS-Status der Mutter keine
Kontraindikation für eine Wassergeburt, da deren Neugeborene im Vergleich zu konventionellen
Spontangeburten seltener kolonisiert sind.
Key words
group B streptococcus - water birth - immersion - infection
Schlüsselwörter
Gruppe‐B‐Streptokokken - Wassergeburt - Entspannungsbad - Infektionen
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MD Rosanna Zanetti-Dällenbach
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Basel
Spitalstraße 21
4031 Basel
Switzerland
Email: rzanetti@uhbs.ch