Essanfälle und Adipositas im Kindesalter

Zusammenfassung

Einzelnen Berichten zufolge leiden Untergruppen adipöser Kinder, darunter Kinder mit Essanfällen, unter einer erhöhten Psychopathologie. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand zur „Binge-Eating”-Störung (BES) im Kindesalter. Zudem wird eine Studie zur Psychopathologie vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Essanfälle bei Kindern zwischen 8 - 13 Jahren mit essensbezogenen Sorgen, Figur- und Gewichtssorgen, Depressivität sowie Übergewicht und Adipositas einhergingen, jedoch nicht mit vermehrten psychischen Störungen oder Verhaltensauffälligkeiten. Die Psychopathologie war erst bei wiederkehrenden Essanfällen klinisch signifikant erhöht, die DSM-IV-Diagnose einer BES war jedoch nur in wenigen Fällen erfüllt. Die DSM-IV-Kriterien und auch weitere, speziell für Kinder vorgeschlagene Forschungskriterien waren wenig bis moderat mit der Essanfallshäufigkeit korreliert. Psychologische Merkmale, die für wiederkehrende Essanfälle im Kindesalter kennzeichnend sind, bedürfen weiterer Untersuchung.

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that subgroups of obese children, including children with binge eating, suffer from an increased psychopathology. The current study provides an overview of research on binge eating disorder (BED) symptomatology in childhood. Data from a community-based investigation in children aged 8 - 13 years show that binge episodes co-occurred with eating concerns, weight and shape concerns, depressiveness, and overweight and obesity, but not with psychiatric diagnoses or general behavioral disturbances. Recurrent binge eating was associated with clinically significant eating disorder psychopathology, but a BED diagnosis was present in only a few cases. The DSM-IV criteria and further proposed research criteria for children showed low to moderate associations with binge eating frequency. Psychological characteristics associated with recurrent binge eating in children are in need of further study.

Key words

obesity - children - binge eating - eating disorders - psychopathology

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