Früherkennung allergischer Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Asthmatische Beschwerden existieren seit der Antike, der „Heuschnupfen” wurde Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts erstmals beschrieben. Heute, knapp 100 Jahre nach der Einführung des Begriffs der Allergie, sind allergische Erkrankungen zur Volkskrankheit geworden, die in der westlichen Welt ein Drittel der Bevölkerung betreffen. Diese Erkrankungen gehören heute zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen, machen einen beträchtlichen Teil der gesamten Gesundheitskosten aus und sind von großer gesundheitspolitischer Relevanz.Bedingt durch genetische sowie Umweltfaktoren ist die Bandbreite an IgE-vermittelten allergischen Erkrankungen recht groß; zu ihnen gehören z. B. die atopische Dermatitis, das Asthma bronchiale oder die Rhinitis allergika. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit soll - aufgrund des Schwerpunkts im HNO-Bereich - die allergische Rhinitis im Mittelpunkt der Überlegungen zur Früherkennung allergischer Erkrankungen stehen.

Schlüsselwörter

Rhinitis allergika - atopische/allergische Erkrankungen - In-vitro-Diagnostik - Spezifische Immuntherapie

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