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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027216
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Behandlung akuter Okklusionen von femoropoplitealen Bypässen: Vergleich der mechanischen Rotationsthrombektomie mit der ultraschallgestützten Lyse
Treatment of Acute Femoropopliteal Bypass Graft Occlusion: Comparison of Mechanical Rotational Thrombectomy with Ultrasound-Enhanced LysisPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 20.11.2007
angenommen: 30.1.2008
Publikationsdatum:
16. Mai 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Bei der Behandlung von akuten Gefäßverschlüssen hat sich die perkutane mechanische Thrombektomie (PMT) neben der Fibrinolyse als Alternative etabliert. Ziel dieser prospektiven Studie war der Vergleich eines Rotationsthrombektomiekatheters mit einem ultraschallgestützten Lysekatheter hinsichtlich ihrer Sicherheit und Effektivität bei der Therapie von akuten Bypassverschlüssen. Material und Methoden: Von April 2005 bis März 2007 wurden 20 Patienten, mittleres Alter 67,4 ± 13,6 Jahre, mit akuten femoropoplitealen Bypassokklusionen entweder mit einem Rotationsthrombektomiekatheter (Straub Rotarex®, n = 10) oder mit einem ultraschallgestützten Lysekatheter, über den 1,0 mg/h Actilyse appliziert wurden (EKOS Lysus® Peripheral Catheter System, n = 10) behandelt. Die mittlere Okklusionslänge betrug 33,1 (28 – 40) cm in der Thrombektomie-Gruppe und 33,7 (11 – 50) cm in der Lyse-Gruppe. Ergebnisse: Die technische Erfolgsrate lag in der Thrombektomie-Gruppe bei 100 % und in der Lyse-Gruppe bei 90 %. Die durchschnittliche Behandlungsdauer betrug in der Thrombektomie-Gruppe 64,5 (45 – 90) min und war damit signifikant kürzer als in der Lyse-Gruppe mit durchschnittlich 904,0 (120 – 1350) min. Der Knöchel-Arm-Index (KAI) konnte in der Thrombektomie-Gruppe von 0,41 ± 0,09 auf 0,86 ± 0,10 bei Entlassung und 0,85 ± 0,07 nach 1 Monat (p < 0,05) gesteigert werden, ebenso war die Steigerung des KAI in der Lyse-Gruppe signifikant von 0,37 ± 0,15 präinterventionell auf 0,82 ± 0,16 bei Entlassung und 0,80 ± 0,24 nach 1 Monat (p < 0,05). In einem Fall in der Lyse-Gruppe kam es nach 2 Stunden zu einer Dislokation der Einführungsschleuse und dadurch zur Ausbildung eines Hämatoms, welches den Abbruch der Lyse und eine operative Versorgung notwendig machte. Schlussfolgerung: Sowohl die mechanische Thrombektomie als auch die ultraschallgestützte Lyse stellen eine sichere und effektive Option in der Behandlung von akuten femoropoplitealen Bypassverschlüssen dar, wobei mittels des Thrombektomie-Systems der Blutfluss deutlich schneller wiederhergestellt wird.
Abstract
Purpose: Mechanical thrombectomy has become a viable alternative to intra-arterial thrombolysis for the treatment of acute infrainguinal occlusion. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a mechanical thrombectomy system in comparison with ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis. Materials and Methods: From April 2005 to March 2007, 20 patients, mean age 67.4 ± 13.6, with acute occlusions of the femoropopliteal bypass graft were treated with either a rotational thrombembolectomy system (Straub Rotarex®, n = 10) or with 1.0 mg/h Actilyse using an ultrasound-enhanced lysis system (EKOS Lysus® Peripheral Catheter System, n = 10). The mean occlusion length was 33.1 cm (range 28 – 40 cm) in the thrombectomy group and 33.7 cm (11 – 50 cm) in the lysis group. Results: The technical success rate was 100 % in the thrombectomy group and 90 % in the lysis group. The mean treatment time was significantly lower with 64.5 min (45 – 90 min) in the thrombectomy group in comparison with 904.0 min (120 – 1350 min) in the lysis group. The ankle brachial index (ABI) improved in the thrombectomy group from 0.41 ± 0.09 to 0.86 ± 0.10 at discharge and 0.85 ± 0.07 after 1 month (p < 0.05) and in the lysis group from preinterventional 0.37 ± 0.15 to 0.82 ± 0.16 at discharge and 0.80 ± 0.24 after 1 month (p < 0.05). In one case lysis had to be stopped after two hours because of dislocation of the introducer sheath which was then treated by open surgery. Conclusion: Mechanical-rotational thrombectomy with the Rotarex system and lysis with the ultrasound-enhanced catheter from Ekos were very safe and effective treatment options for acute occlusion. Blood flow is restored much faster with mechanical thrombectomy.
Key words
blood vessels - angioplasty - ultrasound - arteriosclerosis - embolism/thrombosis
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