Zusammenfassung
In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die funktionelle Kernspintomographie (fMRI) die früher
häufig verwendeten nuklearmedizinischen Verfahren wie PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
oder SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) bei der Untersuchung der funktionellen
Hirnaktivierung weitgehend verdrängt. Die genannten Verfahren behalten aber ihre Bedeutung
bei der in vivo Darstellung von Neurorezeptoren und Transportern und zur Messung des
basalen regionalen zerebralen Blutflusses. Sie ermöglichen es auch, substratnah Genotypeffekte
auf die Proteinexpression zu messen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über
die wichtigsten nuklearmedizinischen Methoden und die in ihnen zur Anwendung kommenden
Ansätze zur Quantifizierung von Genotypeffekten auf die Expression von Neurorezeptoren
und Transportern. Weiterhin werden erste multimodale Bildgebungsstudien vorgestellt,
die PET, fMRI und genetische Untersuchungen kombinieren, um so Auswirkungen des Genotyps
oder der Verfügbarkeit von Neurorezeptoren oder -transportern auf die funktionelle
Hirnaktivierung messen zu können. Die klinische Relevanz der Untersuchungen wird beispielhaft
dargelegt und diskutiert.
Abstract
Within the last decades, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has widely replaced
previously used methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon
emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the assessment of functional brain activation.
However, PET and SPECT remain important tools for in vivo assessment of neurotransmitter
receptors and transporters and for the assessment of baseline regional cerebral blood
flow. PET and SPECT also provide a unique opportunity to directly quantify genotype
effects on protein expression. We review current nuclear imaging techniques for quantification
of genotype effects on neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. Furthermore, we
describe first multimodal imaging studies that combined PET, fMRI and genetic data
in order to measure effects of genotype or the availability of receptor or transporters
on functional brain activation. The clinical relevance of these studies will be illustrated
and discussed.
Schlüsselwörter
Multimodale Bildgebung - fMRT - PET - SPECT - genetische Effekte
Key words
Multimodal imaging - fMRI - PET - SPECT - genetic effects
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Prof. Dr. med. Andreas Heinz
Direktor und Leiter der Klinik für Psychiatrie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
(Charité Campus Mitte)
Charitéplatz 1
10117 Berlin
Email: andreas.heinz@charite.de