Osteoradionecrosis of the Anterior Cranium

Abstract

Osteoradionecrosis occurs in approximately 10% to 15% of patients following radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. In these patients, it is most commonly reported in sites involving the mandible, but it has also been reported in the maxilla, sphenoid, and temporal bones. The majority of these cases are related to some type of trauma such as dental extraction or intraoral biopsies. However, approximately 40% of these entities occur spontaneously and are felt to be secondary to cell kill in intermediate tissues such as bone and periosteum. Our literature review yielded no previously reported cases of osteoradionecrosis involving the anterior cranium. The following two cases present patients who experienced osteoradionecrosis of their frontal bone flaps following subcranial approaches for tumor resection. Both patients suffered from carcinomas involving the ethmoid sinuses; one tumor was a moderately well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, the other a mucinous adenocarcinoma. One patient's radiation therapy consisted of external beam photons; the other patient received external beam neutrons. Treatment for these patients, as well as possible causative factors regarding their osteoradionecrosis, are discussed.