Wirkung von Pflanzenextrakten auf die Neuraminidase-Aktivität

Zusammenfassung

Die Volksmedizin bietet bei der Suche nach neuen Substanzen gegen Influenzaviren einen wichtigen Anknüpfungspunkt, da hier Pflanzen seit mehreren hundert Jahren bei Grippe oder grippalen Infekten Anwendung finden, ohne dass sie jedoch validiert oder ihre Wirkmechanismen untersucht worden sind. Verschiedene pflanzliche Extrakte wurden daher mittels eines Enzymtests in vitro auf ihre Fähigkeit hin untersucht, die Neuraminidase zu inhibieren. Zanamivir (IC₅₀ = 215 µM) diente als Referenzinhibitor. Die methanolischen Extrakte von Geranium sanguineum (IC₅₀ = 3,9 × 10^-4 mg/ml), Eucalyptus globulus (IC₅₀ = 1,50 × 10^-3 mg/ml), Ginkgo biloba (IC₅₀ = 2,31 × 10^-3 mg/ml) und der ethanolische Extrakt von Bergenia ligulata (IC₅₀ = 3,20 × 10^-3 mg/ml) hemmten die Neuraminidase stark. Schwache Hemmeffekte erzielten dagegen u.a. die Extrakte von Echinacea angustifolia, Eleuterococcus senticosus und Zingiber officinale. Naturstoffe und pflanzliche Extrakte könnten eine vielversprechende Quelle bei der Suche nach Neuraminidase-Inhibitoren sein.

Summary

Effects of plant extracts on neuraminidase activity

The seasonal flu epidemics are caused by Influenza A and B viruses. In 2002, EU regulatory approval was granted for the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) Zanamivir and Oseltamivir. Due to its long tradition over several hundred years, ethnomedicine provides a promising source for new drugs against flu and colds. Previously, neither the validity nor the efficacy mechanisms of the drugs were wholly investigated. Therefore different extracts of plants used in traditional medicine were tested in an in vitro enzyme assay for their ability to inhibit prokaryotic neuraminidase. Zanamivir served as reference inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 215 µM). The methanolic extract of Geranium sanguineum (IC₅₀ = 3.9 × 10^-4 mg/ml), Eucalyptus globulus (IC₅₀ = 1.50 × 10^-3 mg/ml), Ginkgo biloba (IC₅₀ = 2.31 × 10^-3 mg/ml) and the ethanolic extract of Bergenia ligulata (IC₅₀ = 3.20 × 10^-3 mg/ml) inhibited the neuraminidase best. Extracts of Echinacea angustifolia, Eleuterococcus senticosus and Zingiber officinale exhibited weak inhibitory activities. This leads to the conclusion that natural products and plant extracts seem to be a promising source in finding new neuraminidase inhibitors.

Schlüsselwörter

Influenzavirus - Grippe - Neuraminidase - traditionelle pflanzliche Drogen

Key words

Influenza virus - neuraminidase - traditional used plants - inhibitory concentration

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