Yearb Med Inform 2016; 25(S 01): S92-S102
DOI: 10.15265/IY-2016-032
Original Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart

Biomedical and Health Informatics Education – the IMIA Years

J. Mantas
1   Health Informatics Laboratory, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

02 August 2016

Publication Date:
06 March 2018 (online)

Summary

Objective: This paper presents the development of medical informatics education during the years from the establishment of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) until today.

Method: A search in the literature was performed using search engines and appropriate keywords as well as a manual selection of papers. The search covered English language papers and was limited to search on papers title and abstract only.

Results: The aggregated papers were analyzed on the basis of the subject area, origin, time span, and curriculum development, and conclusions were drawn.

Conclusions: From the results, it is evident that IMIA has played a major role in comparing and integrating the Biomedical and Health Informatics educational efforts across the different levels of education and the regional distribution of educators and institutions. A large selection of references is presented facilitating future work on the field of education in biomedical and health informatics.

 
  • References

  • 1 Hasman A, Mantas J, Zarubina T. An abridged history of medical informatics education in Europe. Acta Inform Med 2014; 22 (Suppl. 01) 25-36.
  • 2 Protti DJ, Van Bemmel JH, Gunzenhäuser R, Haux R, Warner H, Douglas JV, Lang E. Can Health/ Medical Informatics be regarded as a separate discipline?. Methods Inf Med 1994; 33: 318-26.
  • 3 Levy AH. Experiences with PLATO in medical education. In: Pagès J-C, Levy AH, Grémy F, Anderson J. editors. Meeting the challenge: informatics and medical education. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1983. p. 201-6
  • 4 Recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) on education in health and medical informatics. Methods Inf Med 2000; 39 (Suppl. 03) 267-77
  • 5 Anderson J, Grémy F, Pagès J-C. editors. Education in Informatics of Health Personnel. IFIP Medical Informatics Monograph Series 1. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1974
  • 6 Pagès J-C, Levy AH, Grémy F, Anderson J. editors. Meeting the challenge: informatics and medical education. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1983
  • 7 Anderson J. Experiences with learning and teaching in medical informatics. In: Pagès J-C, Levy AH, Grémy F, Anderson J. editors. Meeting the challenge: informatics and medical education. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1983. p. 49-54
  • 8 Salamon R, Dusserre L. Is the teaching of medical informatics possible? The situation in France. In: Pagès J-C, Levy AH, Grémy F, Anderson J. editors. Meeting the challenge: informatics and medical education. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1983. p. 143-7
  • 9 Roger FH. A structured clinical presentation of case to medical students. In: Pagès J-C, Levy AH, Grémy F, Anderson J. editors. Meeting the challenge: informatics and medical education. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1983. p. 193-199
  • 10 Van Bemmel JH. A comprehensive model for medical information processing. Methods Inf Med 1983; 22: 124-30.
  • 11 Van Bemmel JH, Hasman A, Sollet PCGM, Veth AFL. Training in medical informatics. Comput Biomed Res 1983; 16: 414-32.
  • 12 Hasman A. Training in medical informatics. The use of computers for diagnostic purposes. Int J Biomed Comput 1982; 13: 109-18.
  • 13 Van Bemmel JH, Gelsema ES, Hasman A, Schutte F, Sollet PCGM, Vet AFL. Curricula in medical informatics – experience during 10 years in Amsterdam. In: Pagès J-C, Levy AH, Grémy F, Anderson J. editors. Meeting the challenge: informatics and medical education. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1983. p. 55-65
  • 14 Tuinstra CL, Verveen AA. Information science in the medical curriculum; principles and practice at Leiden University. In: Pagès J-C, Levy AH, Grémy F, Anderson J. editors. Meeting the challenge: informatics and medical education. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1983. p. 127-34
  • 15 Reichertz P. Curricula in medical informatics. Experiences in the Federal Republic of Germany. In: Pagès J-C, Levy AH, Grémy F, Anderson J. editors. Meeting the challenge: informatics and medical education. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1983. p. 79-95
  • 16 Möhr JR, Leven FJ. The Heidelberg/Heilbronn curriculum of medical informatics. In: Pagès J-C, Levy AH, Grémy F, Anderson J. editors. Meeting the challenge: informatics and medical education. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1983. p. 97-106
  • 17 Möhr JR, Leven FJ, Rothemund M. Formal education in medical informatics. Review of ten years’ experience with a specialized university curriculum. Methods Inf Med 1982; 21: 169-80.
  • 18 Haux R, Leven FJ. Twenty years medical informatics education at Heidelberg/Heilbronn: Evolution of a specialized curriculum for medical informatics. Methods Inf Med 1994; 33: 285-9.
  • 19 Leven FJ. Curriculum for medical informatics at the University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn. Methods Inf Med 1994; 33: 262-7.
  • 20 Leven FJ, Haux R. Twenty five years of medical informatics education at Heidelberg/Heilbronn: discussion of a specialized curriculum for medical informatics. Int J Biomed Comp 1998; 50: 31-42.
  • 21 Leven FJ, Knaup P, Schmidt D, Wetter T. Medical informatics at Heidelberg/Heilbronn: status evaluation – new challenges in a specialised curriculum for medical informatics after thirty years of evolution. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73 (Suppl. 02) 117-25.
  • 22 Knaup P, Haag M, Leven FJ, and Dickhaus H. Challenges in the Evolution of the Medical Informatics Program at Heidelberg/Heilbronn (Germany). Methods Inf Med 2009; 48: 66-75.
  • 23 Moehr JR. The quest for identity of health informatics and for guidance to education in it – The German Reisensburg Conference of 1973 Revisted. In: Haux R, Kulikowski C. editors. Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2004. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 2004. p. 200-9
  • 24 Moehr JR. English translation of the minutes of the invitational workshop Goals, contents and methods for education in medical informatics. In: Haux R, Kulikowski C. editors. Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2004. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 2004. p. 210-9
  • 25 Haux R, Dudeck J, Gaus W, Leven FJ, Kunath H, Michaelis J, Pretschner DP, Sonntag H-G, Thurmayr R, Wolters E. Recommendations of the German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology for education and training in medical informatics. Methods Inf Med 1992; 31: 60-70.
  • 26 Duncan KA, Austing RH, Katz S, Pengov RE, Pogue RE, Wasserman AI. A model curriculum for doctoral-level programs in health computing, Report of the ACM committee on curriculum for health computing education. Baltimore: Association for computing machinery; 1981
  • 27 Van Bemmel JH, Festen C. editors. Medical informatics renewal in medicine (in Dutch with English summary). Amsterdam: Committee for Medicine of Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; 1987
  • 28 Hasman A. Recommendations for medical informatics training in The Netherlands. Methods Inf Med 1994; 33: 308-11.
  • 29 Physicians of the twenty-first century.. The GPEP Report. Washington: Association of American Medical Colleges; 1984
  • 30 Matheson N, Lindberg DAB. Subgroup Report on medical information skills. J Med Educ 1984; 59: 155-9.
  • 31 NHS Information Authority.. Health Informatics Competency Profiles for the NHS. Reference No: 2001-IA-523 2001
  • 32 Hofdijk J, Weber P, Mantas J, Mihalas G, Masic I. A Short Factography about IMIA and EFMI. Acta Inform Med 2014; 22 (Suppl. 01) 71-8.
  • 33 Marcano-Cedeno A, Wageih MA, Gomez EJ, Mantas J. IMIA Dynamic Accreditation Procedure: Suggestions, Simplicity and Efficiency. Stud Health Technol Inform 2015; 213: 115-8.
  • 34 Haux R, Murray PJ. On IMIA’s International Activities in Health and Biomedical Informatics Education. Methods Inf Med 2010; 49 (Suppl. 03) 305-9.
  • 35 Ball MJ, van Bemmel JH, Kaihara S. IMIA Presidential Retrospectives on Medical Informatics. Yearb Med Inform 2007; 165-75.
  • 36 Huesing SA. IMIA-A 40 Year Organizational Overview. Yearb Med Inform 2007; 186-91.
  • 37 Murray PJ. The IMIA Strategic Plan-Towards IMIA 2015. Yearb Med Inform 2008; 7-15.
  • 38 Van Bemmel JH, Zvarova J. Knowledge, information and medical education. Amsterdam, North-Holland: 1990
  • 39 Hasman A, Sosa M. Review of the state-of-the-art in education and training of health informatics in Europe. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 1995; 48 1-2 183-8.
  • 40 Hasman A, Albert A, Wainwright P, Klar R, Sosa M. editors. Education and training in healthcare informatics in Europe. Stud Health Technol Inform 1995: 25
  • 41 Hasman A, Albert A. Education and training in health informatics: guidelines for European curricula. Int J Med Inform 1997; 45: 91-110.
  • 42 Diomidus M, Mantas J. Assessing the progress of the M. Sc. course in health informatics under the ERASMUS programme. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50: 159-63.
  • 43 Marin HF, Massad E, Marques EP, Ohno-Machado L. International training in health informatics: a Brazilian experience. Stud Health Technol Inform 2004; 107 Pt 2 898-902.
  • 44 Hasman A. Education and training in health informatics. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 1994; 45 1-2 41-3.
  • 45 Haux R. Health and medical informatics education: perspectives for the next decade. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 7-19.
  • 46 Johnson SB, Friedman RA. Bridging the gap between biological and clinical informatics in a graduate training program. J Biomed Inform 2007; 40 (Suppl. 01) 59-66.
  • 47 De Gagne JC, Bisanar WA, Makowski JT, Neumann JL. Integrating informatics into the BSN curriculum: a review of the literature. Nurse Educ Today 2012; 32 (Suppl. 06) 675-82.
  • 48 Möhr JR. On fortune telling for health informatics. Int J Med Inform 2002; 66 1-3 95-106.
  • 49 Hovenga EJ. Globalisation of health and medical informatics education--what are the issues?. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73 (Suppl. 02) 101-109.
  • 50 Gatewood L, Limburg M, Gardner R, Haux R, Jaspers M, Schmidt D. et al. International Master Classes in health informatics. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73 (Suppl. 02) 111-6.
  • 51 Green CJ, van Gyn GH, Moehr JR, Lau FY, Coward PM. Introducing a technology-enabled problem-based learning approach into a health informatics curriculum. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73 (Suppl. 02) 173-179.
  • 52 Murphy J, Stramer K, Clamp S, Grubb P, Gosland J, Davis S. Health informatics education for clinicians and managers-what’s holding up progress?. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73 (Suppl. 02) 205-13.
  • 53 Garde S, Harrison D, Hovenga E. Skill needs for nurses in their role as health informatics professionals: a survey in the context of global health informatics education. Int J Med Inform 2005; 74 11-12 899-907.
  • 54 Araujo J, Pepper C, Richards J, Choi M, Xing J, Li W. The profession of public health informatics: still emerging?. Int J Med Inform 2009; 78 (Suppl. 06) 375-85.
  • 55 Hovenga EJ. Health and medical informatics education for nurses and health service managers. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 21-9.
  • 56 Bouman LN, Zwetsloot-Schonk JH, Jaspers MW, Louter GL, Timmers T. The graduate training in medical information sciences in the Academic Medical Centre at the University of Amsterdam. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 151-7.
  • 57 Grant AM, Tremblay K. The need for a coherent curriculum and supported infrastructure in health informatics education--the HEALNet experience. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 165-70.
  • 58 Nøhr C, Bygholm A, Hejlesen O. Strategic planning of the master programme in health informatics at Aalborg University: targeting and updating the programme, to meet explicit customer needs. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 207-13.
  • 59 Hasman A. Education and health informatics. Int J Med Inform 1998; 52 1-3 209-16.
  • 60 Lun KC. Health informatics in the Asia Pacific region. Int J Med Inform 1999; 55 (Suppl. 01) 3-7.
  • 61 Gray K, Dattakumar A, Maeder A, Chenery H. Educating future clinicians about clinical informatics: A review of implementation and evaluation cases. European J Biomed Inform 2011; 7 (Suppl. 02) 48-57.
  • 62 Manifava E, Kolokathi A, Mantas J. Exploring the biomedical and health informatics educational programs in Europe. Stud Health Technol Inform 2014; 202: 67-70.
  • 63 Asiri HA. Challenges of the Health Informatics Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: What Stands in Our Way?. Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries 2014; 8 (Suppl. 01) 26-35.
  • 64 Strauss S. Canadian medical schools slow to integrate health informatics into curriculum. CMAJ 2010; 182 (Suppl. 12) 551-2.
  • 65 Mantas J. Postgraduate studies in health informatics in Greece. Stud Health Technol Inform 2005; 116: 261-6.
  • 66 Covvey HD, Zitner D, Bernstein R, MacNeill JE. The development of model curricula for Health Informatics. Stud Health Technol Inform 2001; 84 Pt 2 1009-13.
  • 67 Marin HF, Massad E, Marques EP, Azevedo RS, Ohno-Machado L. Health Informatics Education in Brazil. In: Engelbrecht R. et al, editors. Connecting Medical Informatics and Bio-Informatics – ENMI 2005 p. 1126-31
  • 68 Jaspers MW, Gardner RM, Gatewood LC, Haux R, Schmidt D, Wetter T. The International Partnership in Health Informatics Education. Stud Health Technol Inform 2004; 107 Pt 2 884-8.
  • 69 Karras BT, O’Carroll P, Oberle MW, Masuda D, Lober WB, Robins LS. et al. Development and evaluation of public health informatics at University of Washington. J Public Health Manag Pract 2002; 8 (Suppl. 03) 37-43.
  • 70 Moore RA, Berner ES. Comparison of health/ medical informatics curricula against multiple sets of professional criteria. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2003: 942
  • 71 Kagolovsky Y, Brillinger K. A systematic approach to using case studies in health informatics education. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2009; 2009: 301-5.
  • 72 Brittain JM, Norris AC. Delivery of health informatics education and training. Health Libr Rev 2000; 17 (Suppl. 03) 117-28.
  • 73 Jaspers MW, Gardner RM, Gatewood LC, Haux R, Schmidt D, Wetter T. The International Partnership for Health Informatics Education: lessons learned from six years of experience. Methods Inf Med 2005; 44 (Suppl. 01) 25-31.
  • 74 Huang QR. Competencies for graduate curricula in health, medical and biomedical informatics: a framework. Health Informatics J 2007; 13 (Suppl. 02) 89-103.
  • 75 Buckeridge D. Health Informatics in Canada–Definitios, Education, and the Path Ahead. Report. Canada: University of Toronto; 1999
  • 76 Jaspers MW, Gardner RM, Gatewood LC, Haux R, Evans RS. An international summer school on health informatics: a collaborative effort of the Amsterdam Medical Informatics Program and IΦE--the International Partnership for Health Informatics Education. Int J Med Inform 2007; 76 (Suppl. 07) 538-46.
  • 77 Dalrymple PW. Data, information, knowledge: The emerging field of health informatics. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 2011; 37 (Suppl. 05) 41-4.
  • 78 Roger France FH, Beguin C, Mélot C, Gillet P. Board certified physicians in health informatics a European precedent for professional recognition. Yearb Med Inform 2010; 116-20.
  • 79 Kushniruk A, Lau F, Borycki E, Protti D. The School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria: towards an integrative model for health informatics education and research. Yearb Med Inform 2006; 159-65.
  • 80 Mantas J. Education and consumer health informatics. Yearb Med Inform 2007; 90-4.
  • 81 Marschollek M. Advances in education and consumer health informatics. Findings from the Section on Education and Consumer Informatics. Yearb Med Inform 2007; 95-7.
  • 82 Coiera E, Magrabi F, Sintchenko V, Zrimec T, McDonnell G, Chung G. et al. The Centre for Health Informatics at the University of New South Wales--a clinical informatics research centre. Yearb Med Inform 2007; 141-8.
  • 83 Haux R. Health care and informatics: on IMIA’s opportunities and responsibilities in its 5th decade. Yearb Med Inform 2008; 1-6.
  • 84 Altwaijiri M, Aldosari B. Health Informatics Master Program at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Yearb Med Inform 2008; 145-9.
  • 85 Hackbarth G, Cata T, Cole L. Developing a capstone course within a health informatics program. Perspect Health Inf Manag - Summer 2012; 9 1b 1-21.
  • 86 Foy D, Canfield K, Schwartz J. Undergraduate health care informatics education: a needs analysis and proposed curriculum. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1994; 37-40.
  • 87 Aarts J. A model curriculum of health care informatics for Dutch higher professional education. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1995; 480-3.
  • 88 Covvey HD, Pidduck AB. Health Informatics Education Working Paper. Waterloo HIP Position Paper Final; 2015 Sept.
  • 89 Covvey HD, Zitner D, Bernstein R. Pointing the way: Competencies and curricula in health informatics. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: University of Waterloo; 2001
  • 90 Hasman A, Donkers J, Roos S, Muijtjens A, Groothedde RT, Groothuis S, De Moor G, Klar R. International Coordinated Development of Educational Software. In: O’Moore R, Bengtsson S, Bryant JR, Bryden JS. editors. Medical Informatics Europe’90. 1990. Berlin: Springer; 435-9.
  • 91 Zvarova J. On development of medical informatics education via European cooperation. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50: 219-23.
  • 92 Hasman A. Education and training in health informatics: the IT-EDUCTRA project. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50: 179-85.
  • 93 Mantas J. The NIGHTINGALE project: an outline. In: Mantas J. editor. Health Telematics Education. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 1997. 41: 7-25.
  • 94 Mantas J. editor. Health Telematics Education. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 1997: 41
  • 95 Mantas J. editor. Advance in Health Telematics Education. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 1998: 51
  • 96 Mantas J. editor. Health and medical informatics education in Europe. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 2000. 57 Amsterdam: IOS Press;
  • 97 Mantas J, Hasman A. Textbook in health informatics. A nursing perspective. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 2002:65. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
  • 98 Ball MJ, Protti DJ, Douglas JV. An international health/medical informatics programs database. Meth Inform Med 1994; 33: 327-9.
  • 99 Haux R, Frank J, Knaup P. The IMIA WG1 database on health and medical informatics programs and courses: a cal for participation. Methods Inf Med 1997; 36: 233-4.
  • 100 Mantas J, Ammenwerth E, Demiris G, Hasman A, Haux R, Hersh W, Hovenga E, Lun KC, Marin H, Martin-Sanches F, Wright G. Recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) on Education in Biomedical and Health Informatics. First Revision. Methods Inf Med 2010; 49 (Suppl. 02) 105-20.
  • 101 Hasman A, Mantas J. IMIA Accreditation of Health Informatics Programs. Healthc Inform Res 2013; 19 (Suppl. 03) 154-61.
  • 102 McDaniel AM, Delaney CW. Training scientists in the nursing informatics research agenda. Nursing Outlook 2007; 55 (Suppl. 02) 115-6.
  • 103 Bürkle T, Schrader U. Two years of German summer school of nursing informatics: Did we reach the goals?. Int J Med Inform 2000; 58-59: 307-17.
  • 104 Mantas J. Developing curriculum in nursing informatics in Europe. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 123-32.
  • 105 Liu CH, Lee TT, Mills ME. The experience of informatics nurses in Taiwan. J Prof Nurs 2015; 31 (Suppl. 02) 158-64.
  • 106 Travis LL, Youngblut J. Supporting patient centered computing through an undergraduate nursing informatics curriculum stage III. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1993; 757-61.
  • 107 Saba VK. Nursing informatics: yesterday, today and tomorrow. Int Nurs Rev 2001; 48 (Suppl. 03) 177-87.
  • 108 Bickford CJ, Smith K, Ball MJ, Frantz G, Panniers TL, Newbold SK. et al. Evaluation of a nursing informatics training program shows significant changes in nurses’ perception of their knowledge of information technology. Health Informatics J 2005; 11 (Suppl. 03) 225-35.
  • 109 Bond CS, Lewis R, Joy R. Nursing informatics; is IT for all nurses?. Nursing Informatics 2009
  • 110 Chang J, Poynton MR, Gassert CA, Staggers N. Nursing informatics competencies required of nurses in Taiwan. Int J Med Inform 2011; 80 (Suppl. 05) 332-40.
  • 111 Chang P, Kuo MC. Taiwan model: nursing informatics training. Nursing Informatics. London: Springer; 2011
  • 112 Charters KG. Nursing informatics, outcomes, and quality improvement. AACN Advanced Critical Care 2003; 14 (Suppl. 03) 282-94.
  • 113 Currie LM. Evaluation frameworks for nursing informatics. Int J Med Inform 2005; 74 (Suppl. 11) 908-16.
  • 114 Demiris G, Zierler B. Integrating problem-based learning in a nursing informatics curriculum. Nurse education today 2010; 30 (Suppl. 02) 175-9.
  • 115 Ehnfors M, Grobe SJ. Nursing curriculum and continuing education: future directions. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73 (Suppl. 07) 591-8.
  • 116 Foster J, Bryce J. Australian nursing informatics competency project. In: Saranto K, Brennan P, Park HA, Tallberg M, Ensio A. editors. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Nursing Informatics: Connecting Health and Humans. Helsinki: IOS Press BV; 2009
  • 117 Gassert CA, Mills ME, Heller BR. Doctoral specialization in nursing informatics. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1991; 263-7.
  • 118 Guenther JT. Mapping the literature of nursing informatics. J Med Libr Assoc 2006; 94 (Suppl. 02) 92.
  • 119 Kokol P, Zazula D, Brumec V, Kolenc L. Nursing informatics education for the next millenium. Future Generation Computer Systems 1999; 15 (Suppl. 02) 211-6.
  • 120 Marin HF, Silveira DT, Dal Sasso G, Perez HHC. Evolution: Nursing Informatics in Brazil. In: Nursing Informatics. London: Springer; 2011
  • 121 Masys DR, Brennan PF, Ozbolt JG, Corn M, Shortliffe EH. Are medical informatics and nursing informatics distinct disciplines?. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000; 7 (Suppl. 03) 304-12.
  • 122 McCartney PR. Leadership in nursing informatics. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2004; 33 (Suppl. 03) 371-80.
  • 123 McNeil BJ, Odom SK. Nursing informatics education in the United States: proposed undergraduate curriculum. Health Informatics J 2000; 6 (Suppl. 01) 32-8.
  • 124 McNeil BJ, Elfrink VL, Pierce ST, Beyea SC, Bickford CJ, Averill C. Nursing informatics knowledge and competencies: A national survey of nursing education programs in the United States. Int J Med Inform 2005; 74 (Suppl. 11) 1021-30.
  • 125 Nagle LM, Clarke HF. Assessing informatics in Canadian schools of nursing. Stud Health Technol Inform 2004; 107: 912-5.
  • 126 Ozbolt JG, Saba VK. A brief history of nursing informatics in the United States of America. Nurs Outlook 2008; 56 (Suppl. 05) 199-205.
  • 127 Ragneskog H, Gerdner L. Competence in nursing informatics among nursing students and staff at a nursing institute in Sweden. Health Info Libr J 2006; 23 (Suppl. 02) 126-32.
  • 128 Saba VK. A look at nursing informatics. Int J Med Inform 1997; 44 (Suppl. 01) 57-60.
  • 129 Saranto K, Leino-Kilpi H. Computer literacy in nursing: developing the information technology syllabus in nursing education. J Adv Nurs 1997; 25 (Suppl. 02) 377-85.
  • 130 Saranto K, Tallberg M. Nursing informatics in nursing education: a challenge to nurse teachers. Nurse Educ Today 1998; 18 (Suppl. 01) 79-87.
  • 131 Schulte SJ. Integrating information literacy into an online undergraduate nursing informatics course: The librarian’s role in the design and teaching of the course. Med Ref Serv Q 2008; 27 (Suppl. 02) 158-72.
  • 132 Smedley A. The importance of informatics competencies in nursing: an Australian perspective. Comput Inform Nurs 2005; 23 (Suppl. 02) 106-10.
  • 133 Turley JP. Toward a model for nursing informatics. IMAGE: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship 1996; 28 (Suppl. 04) 309-13.
  • 134 Zytkowski ME. Nursing informatics: The key to unlocking contemporary nursing practice. AACN Clin Issues 2003; 14 (Suppl. 03) 271-81.
  • 135 Gerstein M, Greenbaum D, Cheung K, Miller PL. An interdepartmental Ph.D. program in computational biology and bioinformatics: The Yale perspective. J Biomed Inform 2007; 40 (Suppl. 01) 73-9.
  • 136 Friedman CP, Altman RB, Kohane IS, McCormick KA, Miller PL, Ozbolt JG. et al. Training the Next Generation of Informaticians: The Impact of “BISTI” and Bioinformatics—A Report from the American College of Medical Informatics. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2004; 11 (Suppl. 03) 167-72.
  • 137 Altman RB, Klein TE. Biomedical informatics training at Stanford in the 21st century. J Biomed Inform 2007; 40 (Suppl. 01) 55-8.
  • 138 Patel VL, Kannampallil TG. Cognitive informatics in biomedicine and healthcare. J Biomed Inform 2015; 53: 3-14.
  • 139 Haux R. Biomedical and health informatics education at UMIT-approaches and strategies at a newly founded university. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73 (Suppl. 02) 127-38.
  • 140 Anderson JG. The role of ethics in information technology decisions: a case-based approach to biomedical informatics education. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73 (Suppl. 02) 145-50.
  • 141 Kane MD, Brewer JL. An information technology emphasis in biomedical informatics education. J Biomed Inform 2007; 40 (Suppl. 01) 67-72.
  • 142 Patel VL, Yoskowitz NA, Arocha JF, Shortliffe EH. Cognitive and learning sciences in biomedical and health instructional design: A review with lessons for biomedical informatics education. J Biomed Inform 2009; 42 (Suppl. 01) 176-97.
  • 143 Bernstam EV, Smith JW, Johnson TR. What is biomedical informatics?. J Biomed Inform 2010; 43 (Suppl. 01) 104-10.
  • 144 Eikey EV, Reddy MC, Kuziemsky CE. Examining the role of collaboration in studies of health information technologies in biomedical informatics: A systematic review of 25 years of research. J Biomed Inform 2015; 57: 263-77.
  • 145 van Mulligen EM, Cases M, Hettne K, Molero E, Weeber M, Robertson KA. et al. Training multidisciplinary biomedical informatics students: three years of experience. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2008; 15 (Suppl. 02) 246-54.
  • 146 Marin HF, Ohno-Machado L. Biomedical Informatics: Experience in Brazil and Mozambique. In: Mantas J, Andersen SK, Mazzoleni MC, Blobel B, Quaglini S, Moen A. editors. 24th International Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics Quality of Life through Quality of Information (MIE2012 conference). 2012 Aug; Pisa, Italy. Amsterdam: IOS Press; 2012
  • 147 Kulikowski CA, Shortliffe EH, Currie LM, Elkin PL, Hunter LE, Johnson TR. et al. AMIA Board white paper: definition of biomedical informatics and specification of core competencies for graduate education in the discipline. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2012; 19 (Suppl. 06) 931-8.
  • 148 Zimmerman JL. Defining biomedical informatics competency: the foundations of a profession. Adv Dent Res 2003; 17: 25-8.
  • 149 Ritko AL, Odlum M. Gap analysis of biomedical informatics graduate education competencies. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2013; 2013: 1214-23.
  • 150 Valerius JD, Hersh WR. How well does a biomedical informatics curriculum map to health information management knowledge clusters?. Analysis of a program. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2008; 967
  • 151 Johnson SB. A framework for the biomedical informatics curriculum. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2003; 331-5.
  • 152 Blas MM, Curioso WH, Garcia PJ, Zimic M, Carcamo CP, Castagnetto JM. et al. Training the biomedical informatics workforce in Latin America: results of a needs assessment. BMJ Open 2011; 1 (Suppl. 02) e000233.
  • 153 Zvarova J. Biomedical informatics research and education at the EuroMISE Center. Yearb Med Inform 2006; 166-73.
  • 154 Severtson DJ, Pape L, Page Jr CD, Shavlik JW, Phillips Jr GN, Flatley Brennan P. Biomedical informatics training at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Yearb Med Inform 2007; 149-56.
  • 155 Tanaka H, Nakaya J. Research and education for biomedical informatics at Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Yearb Med Inform 2007; 157-62.
  • 156 Greenes RA, Panchanathan S, Patel V, Silverman H, Shortliffe EH. Biomedical informatics in the desert--a new and unique program at Arizona State University. Yearb Med Inform 2008; 150-156.
  • 157 Wageih MA, Marcano-Cedeño A, Gómez EJ, Mantas J. Toward More Successful Biomedical Informatics Education Programs and Ecosystems in the Arab World. Stud Health Technol Inform 2015; 213: 111-4.
  • 158 Otero P, Hersh W. Education in Biomedical and Health Informatics in the Web 3.0 Era: Standards for data, curricula, and activities. Contribution of the IMIA Working Group on Health and Medical Informatics Education. Yearb Med Inform 2011; 6: 139-41.
  • 159 Zvárová J. Education in biomedical informatics and eHealth. Stud Health Technol Inform 2008; 134: 27-32.
  • 160 Busse R, Rienhoff O. Thirteen Years of a Nation-Wide Curriculum in Medical Informatics: Does it Still Meet the Requirements?. Series Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics 1991; 45: 605-9.
  • 161 Lincoln TL. Medical informatics: the substantive discipline behind health care computer systems. Int J Biomed Comput 1990; 26 1-2 73-92.
  • 162 Reichertz PL. Preparing for change: concepts and education in medical informatics. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 1987; 25 (Suppl. 02) 89-101.
  • 163 Parsons DF. The case for including medical informatics in medical, nursing, and public health school curricula. Telematics and Informatics 1993; 10 (Suppl. 02) 157-70.
  • 164 Moehr JR. Evaluation: salvation or nemesis of medical informatics?. Comput Biol Med 2002; 32 (Suppl. 03) 113-25.
  • 165 Jaspers MW, Hasman A. The new set-up of the medical informatics Master of Science program at the University of Amsterdam. Int J Med Inform 2007; 76 (Suppl. 03) 369-76.
  • 166 Hu D, Sun Z, Li H. An overview of medical informatics education in China. Int J Med Inform 2013; 82 (Suppl. 05) 448-66.
  • 167 Haux R. Preparing for change: medical informatics international initiatives for health care and biomedical research. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2007; 88 (Suppl. 03) 191-6.
  • 168 Hasman A, Haux R, Albert A. A systematic view on medical informatics. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 1996; 51 (Suppl. 03) 131-9.
  • 169 Friedman CP, Abbas UL. Is medical informatics a mature science? A review of measurement practice in outcome studies of clinical systems. Int J Med Inform 2003; 69 2-3 261-72.
  • 170 Logan JR, Price SL. Computer science education for medical informaticians. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73 (Suppl. 02) 139-44.
  • 171 Jaspers MW, Fockens P, Ravesloot JH, Limburg M, Abu-Hanna A. Fifteen years medical information sciences: the Amsterdam curriculum. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73 (Suppl. 06) 465-77.
  • 172 Haux R. Medical informatics: past, present, future. Int J Med Inform 2010; 79 (Suppl. 09) 599-610.
  • 173 Rozenblum R, Donzé J, Hockey PM, Guzdar E, Labuzetta MA, Zimlichman E. et al. The impact of medical informatics on patient satisfaction: a USA-based literature review. Int J Med Inform 2013; 82 (Suppl. 03) 141-58.
  • 174 Zvárová J, Engelbrecht R, van Bemmel JH. Education and training in medical informatics, statistics and epidemiology in EuroMISE. Int J Med Inform 1997; 45 1-2 3-8.
  • 175 Hasman A. Challenges for medical informatics in the 21st century. Int J Med Inform 1997; 44 (Suppl. 01) 1-7.
  • 176 Haux R. Aims and tasks of medical informatics. Int J Med Inform 1997; 44 (Suppl. 01) 9-20 discussion 39-44, 45-52, 61-6.
  • 177 Lun KC. Aims and tasks of medical informatics--a commentaryon Reihnold Haux’s paper. Int J Med Inform 1997; 44 (Suppl. 01) 61-6.
  • 178 van Bemmel JH, Duisterhout JS. Education and training of medical informatics in the medical curriculum. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 49-58.
  • 179 Ishijima M. Medical informatics education by medical professors within their discipline. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 81-5.
  • 180 Masić I.. Education of medical informatics in Bosnia and Herzegowina. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 95-101.
  • 181 Knaup P, Haux R, Häber A, Lagemann A, Leiner F. Teaching the fundamentals of information systems management in health care. Lecture and practical training for students of medical informatics. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 195-205.
  • 182 Ireland M, Brown T, Byrne K, McPherson J, Swinkels W. Education in informatics in medicine and the health sciences- the need for relevance. Int J Med Inform 1998; 50 1-3 77-80.
  • 183 Lorenzi NM. IMIA Working Group 13: organizational impact of medical informatics. Int J Med Inform 1999; 56 1-3 5-8.
  • 184 Maojo V, Iakovidis I, Martin-Sanchez F, Crespo J, Kulikowski C. Medical informatics and bioinformatics: European efforts to facilitate synergy. J Biomed Inform 2001; 34 (Suppl. 06) 423-7.
  • 185 Moehr JR, Grant A. Medical informatics and medical education in Canada in the 21st century. Clin Invest Med 2000; 23 (Suppl. 04) 275-80.
  • 186 Patton GA, Gardner RM. Medical informatics education: the University of Utah experience. J Am Med Inform Assoc 1999; 6 (Suppl. 06) 457-65.
  • 187 Lorenzi NM, Gardner RM, Pryor TA, Stead WW. Medical informatics: the key to an organization’s place in the new health care environment. J Am Med Inform Assoc 1995; 2 (Suppl. 06) 391-2.
  • 188 Shortliffe EH, Garber AM. Training synergies between medical informatics and health services research: successes and challenges. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2002; 9 (Suppl. 02) 133-9.
  • 189 McGowan JJ. A vertical curriculum in applied medical informatics in support of rural primary-care education. Acad Med 1994; 69 (Suppl. 05) 430-1.
  • 190 Mihalas G, Zvarova J, Kulikowski C, Ball M, van Bemmel J, Hasman A. et al. History of medical informatics in Europe - a short review by different approach. Acta Inform Med 2014; 22 (Suppl. 01) 6-10.
  • 191 Roger FF. About the beginnings of medical informatics in Europe. Acta Inform Med 2014; 22 (Suppl. 01) 11-5.
  • 192 Rose E, Zeiger R, Corley S, Gorman P, Yackel T, Hersh W. Development methodology for a “next generation” medical informatics curriculum for clinicians. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2003; 986
  • 193 Hersh WR, Bhupatiraju RT, Greene P, Smothers V, Cohen C. Adopting e-learning standards in health care: competency-based learning in the medical informatics domain. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2006; 334-8.
  • 194 Ückert F, Ammenwerth E, Dujat C, Grant A, Haux R, Hein A. et al. Past and next 10 years of medical informatics. J Med Syst 2014; 38 (Suppl. 07) 74.
  • 195 Mantas J, Hasman A. Education in medical informatics and bioinformatics. EJBI 2011; 7 (Suppl. 02) 2011-2.
  • 196 Hersh W. Medical informatics education: an alternative pathway for training informationists. J Med Libr Assoc 2002; 90 (Suppl. 01) 76-9.
  • 197 Murphy J. The evolution of undergraduate medical informatics programmes. Health Libr Rev 1994; 11 (Suppl. 03) 167-76.
  • 198 Frisse ME. Medical informatics in academic health science centers. Acad Med 1992; 67 (Suppl. 04) 238-41.
  • 199 Zelnick CJ, Nelson DA. A medical informatics curriculum for 21st century family practice residencies. Fam Med 2002; 34 (Suppl. 09) 685-91.
  • 200 Woods SE, Coggan JM. Developing a medical informatics education program to support a statewide health information network. Bull Med Libr Assoc 1994; 82 (Suppl. 02) 147-52.
  • 201 Collen MF. Fifty years in medical informatics. Yearb Med Inform 2006; 174-9.
  • 202 Bennani Othmani M, Diouny S, Balar K. Medical informatics in Morocco: Casablanca Medical Informatics Laboratory. Yearb Med Inform 2007; 138-40.
  • 203 Lorenzi NM. 40 Years of IMIA: Shaping Medical Informatics Worldwide. Editorial. Yearb Med Inform 2007; 2: 163-4.
  • 204 Bouhaddou O, Bennani Othmani M, Diouny S. Medical informatics in morocco. Yearb Med Inform 2013; 8: 190-6.
  • 205 Chouvarda I, Maglaveras N. Medical Informatics Education & Research in Greece. Yearb Med Inform 2015; 10 (Suppl. 01) 220.
  • 206 Moidu K, Leehy MA, Steinberg I, Einreinhofer S, Falsone JJ, Cleary J. et al. Informatics integration in a medical residency program: early experiences. Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp 1996; 55-9.
  • 207 Chi X, Pavilcek K. A hypergraphic model of medical informatics: curriculum development guide. Proc AMIA Symp 1999; 37-41.
  • 208 McGowan J, Raszka W, Light J, Magrane D, O’Malley D, Bertsch T. A vertical curriculum to teach the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of medical informatics. Proc AMIA Symp 1998; 457-61.
  • 209 Espino JU, Levine MG. An overview of the medical informatics curriculum in medical schools. Proc AMIA Symp 1998; 467-71.
  • 210 Hasman A. Education and medical informatics--five years of experience at the University of Limburg. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1991; 273-7.
  • 211 Frisse ME. Re-imagining the medical informatics curriculum. Acad Med 1997; 72 (Suppl. 01) 36-41.
  • 212 Sarbadhikari SN. The state of medical informatics in India: a roadmap for optimal organization. J Med Syst 2005; 29 (Suppl. 02) 125-41.