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Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2015; 43(05): 351-357
DOI: 10.15654/TPK-150354
Für Studium und Praxis
Schattauer GmbH

Diagnose der kaninen Parvovirus-Infektion

Diagnostic tools for canine parvovirus infection
A. L. Proksch
1   Medizinische Kleintierklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
K. Hartmann
1   Medizinische Kleintierklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Eingegangen: 22 May 2015

Akzeptiert nach Revision: 21 July 2015

Publication Date:
08 January 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die kanine Parvovirus-Infektion stellt die weltweit häufigste Viruserkrankung beim Hund dar und weist noch immer eine sehr hohe Mortalitätsrate auf. Sie betrifft vor allem Welpen, wenn deren Titer an maternalen Antikörpern abgesunken ist und sich impfinduzierte Antikörper noch nicht entwickelt haben. Eine schnelle und sichere Diagnose ist aus zwei Gründen essenziell, einerseits, um erkrankte Welpen schnell zu erkennen und sie einer intensiven Therapie zu unterziehen, andererseits, um Ausscheider zu identifizieren und eine Verbreitung des Virus zu vermeiden. Zur Diagnosestellung gibt es viele verschiedene Möglichkeiten. Während sich der Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen kanine Parvoviren für die Diagnose nicht eignet, ist der Nachweis der Viren oder ihrer Bestandteile (Antigen, DNA) beweisend. Für diesen direkten Erregernachweis können verschiedene Tests aus kommerziellen Labors wie auch auf ELISA basierende praxistaugliche Schnelltests verwendet werden. Letztgenannte verfügen über eine durchweg exzellente Spezifität, doch liegt die Anzahl falsch negativer Testergebnisse in der Regel sehr hoch, woraus sich Fehldiagnosen ergeben können. Die Polymerasekettenreaktion ist eine sehr sensitive und spezifische Nachweismethode. Sie bietet den weiteren Vorteil, dass durch eine sich anschließende Sequenzierung eine Differenzierung zwischen Impf- und Feldstämmen vorgenommen werden kann.

Summary

Canine parvovirus (CPV) infection is one of the most important and common infectious diseases in dogs, in particular affecting young puppies when maternal antibodies have waned and vaccine-induced antibodies have not yet developed. The mortality rate remains high. Therefore, a rapid and safe diagnostic tool is essential to diagnose the disease to 1) provide intensive care treatment and 2) to identify virusshedding animals and thus prevent virus spread. Whilst the detection of antibodies against CPV is considered unsuitable to diagnose the disease, there are several different methods to directly detect complete virus, virus antigen or DNA. Additionally, to test in commercial laboratories, rapid in-house tests based on ELISA are available worldwide. The specificity of the ELISA rapid in-house tests is reported to be excellent. However, results on sensitivity vary and high numbers of false-negative results are commonly reported, which potentially leads to misdiagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very sensitive and specific diagnostic tool. It also provides the opportunity to differentiate vaccine strains from natural infection when sequencing is performed after PCR.

Schlüsselwörter

Hund - Parvovirose - CPV - direkter Erregernachweis - Schnelltest - PCR - ELISA - Antikörper

Key words

Dog - parvovirosis - CPV - direct pathogen test - rapid in-house test - PCR - ELISA - antibodies
 

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