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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2021; 79(03): 222-228
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2019-0439
ARTICLE

Who is in charge when I have a headache? Brazilian version of the Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale

Quem está no comando quando tenho uma cefaleia? Versão brasileira de Escala de Lócus de Controle Específica para Cefaleia
Rebeca Veras de Andrade VIEIRA 
1   Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo RS, Brazil.
2   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
,
Fernando KOWACS 
3   Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
4   Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
,
Renata Gomes LONDERO 
3   Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
5   Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Neurologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
,
Liselotte Menke BAREA 
4   Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
6   Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
,
Vanise GRASSI 
6   Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
,
Luiz Eduardo Barcellos RODRIGUES 
2   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
,
Eduardo Pacheco SANTOS 
2   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
,
William Barbosa GOMES 
2   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
,
Gustavo GAUER 
2   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
› Author AffiliationsSupport: Research presented in this manuscript was partially funded by the CAPES Foundation, Process n. 0598/13-5.
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ABSTRACT

Background: Headache-Specific Locus of Control (LOC) refers to individuals’ beliefs about their control over the onset, course and consequences of headaches. LOC beliefs have been associated with depression, coping strategies, headache-related disability and treatment outcomes. Objective: To test the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of a Brazilian version of the Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale (HSLC). Methods: One hundred and thirty-four migraine outpatients completed the HSLC and provided measurements of psychopathological symptoms, pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, quality of life and headache-related disability. Results: The three-factor structure of the HSLC (LOC-P, LOC-C and LOC-I) was confirmed in the Brazilian sample. The instrument showed good internal consistency, with Cronbach's α of 0.77 for total HSLC and 0.70, 0.83 and 0.87, for LOC-P, LOC-C and LOC-I, respectively. LOC-C correlated with headache frequency and headache intensity. Along with headache intensity, depression and pain catastrophizing, LOC-I accounted for 45% of the variance (adjusted R2=0.45; F=12.97; p<0.01) in headache-related disability. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the HSLC is a valid and reliable measure of headache-specific LOC beliefs. It is important to consider the balance between the three LOCs for each individual, instead of interpreting them separately.

RESUMO

Introdução: O lócus de controle específico para a dor de cabeça (LOC) refere-se às crenças dos indivíduos acerca de seu controle sobre o início, o curso e as consequências das dores de cabeça. As crenças sobre LOC têm sido associadas à depressão, às estratégias de enfrentamento, à incapacidade relacionada às dores de cabeça e aos resultados do tratamento. Objetivo: Testar a adaptação transcultural e as propriedades psicométricas de uma versão brasileira da Escala de Lócus de Controle Específico para Dor de Cabeça (HSLC). Método: Cento e trinta e quatro pacientes ambulatoriais com enxaqueca completaram a HSLC e medidas de sintomas psicopatológicos, catastrofização da dor, depressão, ansiedade, qualidade de vida e incapacidade relacionada à dor de cabeça. Resultados: A estrutura de 3 fatores da HSLC (LOC-P, LOC-C e LOC-I) foi confirmada na amostra brasileira. O instrumento demonstrou boa consistência interna, com α de Cronbach de 0,77 para HSLC total e de 0,70, 0,83 e 0,87 para LOC-P, LOC-C e LOC-I, respectivamente. LOC-C correlacionou-se com a frequência e a intensidade da dor de cabeça. Acompanhado de intensidade da dor de cabeça, depressão e catastrofização da dor, o LOC-I foi responsável por 45% da variância (R2 ajustado=0,45; F=12,97; p<0,01) na incapacidade relacionada à dor de cabeça. Conclusões: A versão brasileira da HSLC é uma medida válida e confiável de crenças de LOC específicas para dor de cabeça. É importante considerar o equilíbrio entre os três LOCs para cada indivíduo, em vez de interpretá-los separadamente.

Keywords:

Migraine Disorders - Validation Study - Depression - Anxiety - Catastrophization

Palavras-chave:

Transtornos de Enxaqueca - Estudo de Validação - Depressão - Ansiedade - Catastrofização

Authors’ contributions:

RVAV, WBG and GG: conception and design; RVAV, LEBR and EPS: acquisition of data; RVAV, FK, RGL, LMB, VG, WBG and GG: analysis and interpretation of data; RVAV: drafting the manuscript; RVAV, FK, RGL, LMB, VG, LEBR, EPS, WBG and GG: revising it for intellectual content; RVAV, FK, RGL, LMB, VG, LEBR, EPS, WBG and GG: final approval of the completed manuscript.


Support:

Research presented in this manuscript was partially funded by the CAPES Foundation, Process n. 0598/13-5.




Publication History

Received: 28 May 2020

Accepted: 22 July 2020

Article published online:
07 June 2023

© 2021. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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