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DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2020-0589
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen for use in Brazil
Tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação da Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen para uso no BrasilABSTRACT
Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and neurological disability in the world. Several scales help professionals in the early recognition of the disease. However, none of these were developed in Brazil. Objectives: To translate the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS) into Brazilian Portuguese, and cross-culturally adapt and validate the scale in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Methods: This study was carried out in two phases: the first consisted in the translation and cross-cultural validation of the LAPSS, and the second in a cross-sectional study with prospectively collected data in patients with suspected stroke treated in a Brazilian prehospital and referred to a stroke center. Statistical analysis was used to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the scale. Cohen's Kappa coefficient (κ) was used for psychometric assessment. Results: After translation and cross-cultural adaptation, the scale was applied to 86 patients. The scale presented a sensitivity of 83.8%, positive predictive value of 79.50%, specificity of 40.70%, negative predictive value of 47.80%, and accuracy of 77%. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was calculated using data from 26 (30.23%) patients and the results showed excellent inter-rater reliability in the majority of the items (52.96%). Conclusions: The scale was translated and cross-culturally adapted for use in Brazil. The scale presented high sensitivity and accuracy but low specificity, and the Cohen’s kappa demonstrated inter-rater reliability. The greatest difficulties occurred when the evaluation included subjective identifications. The scale excluded patients < 45 years old as stroke suspects.
RESUMO
Antecedentes: O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de morte e sequelas neurológicas no mundo. Muitas escalas auxiliam os profissionais no reconhecimento precoce da doença. Entretanto, nenhum desses instrumentos foi desenvolvido no Brasil.
Objetivos: Traduzir a escala Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS) para o português brasileiro, adaptar transculturalmente e validá-la na população brasileira. Métodos: Este estudo ocorreu em duas fases sendo a primeira constituída no processo de validação e adaptação transcultural da LAPSS e a segunda num estudo transversal de dados coletados prospectivamente em pacientes com suspeita de AVC tratados em um pré-hospitalar brasileiro e encaminhados a um centro de AVC. Utilizou-se análise estatística para avaliar a sensibilidade, especificidade e precisão da escala. O coeficiente Kappa de Cohen (κ) foi usado para avaliação psicométrica. Resultados: Após a tradução e adaptação transcultural, a escala foi aplicada em 86 pacientes. O instrumento final apresentou sensibilidade de 83,8%, valor preditivo positivo de 79,60%, especificidade de 40,70%, valor preditivo negativo de 47,80% e acurácia de 77%. O coeficiente Kappa de Cohen foi calculado com os dados de 26 pacientes (30,23%), demonstrando excelente confiabilidade interobservador em 52,96% dos itens da escala. Conclusões: A escala foi traduzida e adaptada transculturalmente para uso no Brasil apresentando alta sensibilidade e acurácia porém baixa especificidade. O coeficiente de Kappa demostrou confiança interobservador. A maior dificuldade ocorreu quando a avaliação física do paciente incluiu identificações subjetivas. Além disso, a escala exclui pacientes com idade menor do que 45 anos como suspeitos de AVC.
Author’s contributions:
PMVA: substantial contributions to the design or development of the study and writing and critical revision of the article; RB: substantial contributions in the approval of the final version; OCPN, JEC: substantial contributions in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; CM, GPM: substantial contributions in the critical revision; GJL, ALM: substantial contributions to the design or development of the study.
Publication History
Received: 22 December 2020
Accepted: 05 May 2021
Article published online:
06 February 2023
© 2022. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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