Displacement of an Ununited Medial Humeral Condylar Ossification Centre in the Cat

Abstract

A 2-year-old cat was presented with the complaint of acute-onset non–weight-bearing lameness of the right forelimb. When examined, the cat was of short stature and had multiple joint and cartilaginous abnormalities suggestive of chondrodysplasia. The cause of the acute lameness was radiographically identified as a displaced osseous fragment from the medial portion of the right humeral condyle. The features of the osseous fragment were consistent with an ununited medial condylar ossification centre of the distal humerus. Furthermore, a nondisplaced ununited ossified fragment of similar appearance and size was present in the contralateral elbow. Surgical treatment by excision of the displaced fragment resulted in a preinjury level of limb function in the long-term outcome evaluation.

Keywords

cat - elbow - humerus - medial condylar ossification centre - chondrodysplasia

Financial Support

None.

Author Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception, the study design, the acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, drafting or revising of the manuscript, and approved the submitted manuscript.

• References

• 1 Vannini R, Olmstead ML, Smeak DD. An epidemiological study of 151 distal humeral fractures in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1988; 24: 531-536
• 2 Smith RN. Fusion of ossification centres in the cat. J Small Anim Pract 1969; 10 (09) 523-530
• 3 McGlennon NJ, Matic SE, Houlton JEF. Physeal closure in cats. In: WSAVA/BSAVA Congress, Paper Synopses. BSAVA, Gloucester. UK 30 March–2 April, 1989:228
• 4 Godfrey DR. Osteoarthritis in cats: a retrospective radiological study. J Small Anim Pract 2005; 46 (09) 425-429
• 5 Clarke SP, Bennett D. Feline osteoarthritis: a prospective study of 28 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2006; 47 (08) 439-445
• 6 Lascelles BD, Henry III JB, Brown J. , et al. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of radiographic degenerative joint disease in domesticated cats. Vet Surg 2010; 39 (05) 535-544
• 7 Staiger BA, Beale BS. Use of arthroscopy for debridement of the elbow joint in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 226 (03) 401-403 , 376
• 8 Streubel R, Bilzer T, Grest P, Damur D, Montavon PM. Medial humeral epicondylitis in clinically affected cats. Vet Surg 2015; 44 (07) 905-913
• 9 Hubler M, Johnson KA, Burling RT, Francis DF, Ratcliffe RC. Lesions resembling osteochondromatosis in two cats. J Small Anim Pract 1986; 27 (03) 181-187
• 10 Benito J, Depuy V, Hardie E. , et al. Reliability and discriminatory testing of a client-based metrology instrument, feline musculoskeletal pain index (FMPI) for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats. Vet J 2013; 196 (03) 368-373
• 11 Johnson KA. Approach to the medial aspect of the humeral condyle and the medial coronoid process of the ulna by an intermuscular incision. In: Piermattei's Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones and Joints of the Dog and Cat, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2013: 252-261
• 12 Smith RN. Appearance of ossification centres in the kitten. J Small Anim Pract 1968; 9: 497-511
• 13 Peterson HA. Anatomy and growth. In: Epiphyseal Growth Plate Fractures. Berlin: Springer Science and Business Media; 2007: 7-20
• 14 Root MV, Johnston SD, Olson PN. The effect of prepuberal and postpuberal gonadectomy on radial physeal closure in male and female domestic cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1997; 38 (01) 42-47
• 15 Perry KL, Fordham A, Arthurs GI. Effect of neutering and breed on femoral and tibial physeal closure times in male and female domestic cats. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16 (02) 149-156
• 16 Perry KL. Elbow disease in cats. In: ESVOT Congress Proceedings. London, UK; 8 September–10 September, 2016:232–234
• 17 Freire M, Meuten D, Lascelles D. Pathology of articular cartilage and synovial membrane from elbow joints with and without degenerative joint disease in domestic cats. Vet Pathol 2014; 51 (05) 968-978
• 18 Freire M, Robertson I, Bondell HD. , et al. Radiographic evaluation of feline appendicular degenerative joint disease vs. Macroscopic appearance of articular cartilage. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 52 (03) 239-247
• 19 Lascelles BD, Henderson AJ, Hackett IJ. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of meloxicam in cats with painful locomotor disorders. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42 (12) 587-593
• 20 Gunew MN, Menrath VH, Marshall RD. Long-term safety, efficacy and palatability of oral meloxicam at 0.01-0.03 mg/kg for treatment of osteoarthritic pain in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2008; 10 (03) 235-241
• 21 Lascelles BD, DePuy V, Thomson A. , et al. Evaluation of a therapeutic diet for feline degenerative joint disease. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24 (03) 487-495