Keloids and hypertrophic scars: a review

KEYWORDS

Keloids - Hypertrophic scars - Collagen morphology

• 1 Ehrlich HP, Desmoulier A, Diegelmann RF. Morphological and immunochemical differences between keloid and hypertrophic scar. Am J Pathol 1994; 145: 105
• 2 Oka Y, Ort DN. Human plasma epidermal growth factor/b-urogastrone is associated with blood platelets. J Clin Invest 1983; 72: 249
• 3 Karey KP, Sirkasku DA. Human platelet derived mitogens II subcellular localization of insulin like growth factor-1 to the a-granule and release in response to thrombim. Blood 1989; 74: 1093
• 4 Kohler A, Lipton A. Platelets as a source of fibroblast growth promoting activity. Exp Cell Res 1974; 87: 297
• 5 Ross R, Glonset JA, Kariya B. A platelet dependent serum factor stimulates the proliferation ofarterial smooth muscle cell in vitro. Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA: 1974. (; 71). 1207
• 6 Assoian RK, Komoriya A, Meyer CA. Transforming growth factor-b inhuman platelets. Identification of a major storage site, purification and charecterisation. J Biol Chem 1983; 258: 7155
• 7 Nedelec B, Tredget EE, Ghahary A. The molecular biology of wound healing following thermalinjury. The role of fibrogenic growthfactors. In Critical Care of the Burn Patient. Barcelona: Springer-Verlag; 1996
• 8 Raghow R.. The role of extra cellular matrix in post inflammatory wound healing and fibrosis. FASEB J 1994; 8: 823
• 9 Woessne Jr JF. The determination of hydroxylproline in tissue samples containing small portions of this amino acid. Arch Biochem Biophys 1961; 93: 440
• 10 Elson LA, Morgan WTJ. Colourumetric method for the determination of glucosamine and chondrosamine. Biochem J. 1933 27. 1824
• 11 Meenakshi J, Jayaraman V, Ramakrishnan KM, Babu M. Ultrastructural differentiation of abnormal scars. Annals of burns and fire disasters 2005; 18: 83
• 12 Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Scott PJ. Enhanced expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor-b,type I and type III procollagen in human post-burn hypertrophicscar tissues. J Lab Clin Med 1998; 122: 465
• 13 Ando Y, Jense PJ. Epidermal growth factor and insulin like growth factor I enhance eratinocyte migration. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 100: 633
• 14 Kiristy CP, Lynch SE. Role of growth factors in cutaneous wound healing. A review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1993; 4: 729
• 15 Kovacs EJ, Dipietro LA. Fibrogenic cytokines and connective tissue production. FASEB J 1994; 8: 854
• 16 Border WA, Noble NA. Transforming growth factor b in tissue fibrosis. N. Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1286
• 17 Bassols A, Massague J. Transforming growth factor b regulated the expression and structure of extracellular matrix chondroitin / dermatan sulfate proteiglycans. J. Biol Chem 1988; 263: 3039
• 18 Ignotz RA, Massague J. Transforming growth factor b stimulates the expression of fibronectin and collagen and their incorporation in the extra cellular matrix. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 4337
• 19 Edwards DR, Murphy G, Reynolds JJ. Transforming growth factor b stimulates the expression of collagenese and metalloproteinase inhibitor. EMBO J. 1987 6. 1899
• 20 Peltonen J, Hsiao LL, Jakkola S. Activation of collagen gene expression in keloid: Co-localization of type I and IV collagen and transforming growth factor b1. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 97: 240
• 21 Anscher MS, Peters WP, Reisenbichler H. Transforming growth factor b as a predictor of liver and lung fibrosis after autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1592
• 22 Pannu R, Tredget TE, Iwashina T. The role of systemic interferone-b2b on plasma TGF-b and histamine levels in hypertrophic scar patients following thermal injury. Proc. Am Burn Assoc 1995; 27: 60
• 23 Meenakshi J, Ramakrishnan KM, Jayaraman V, Chandrashekar S, Babu M. Etiology and management of ear lobule keloid in south India. Plast Reconst Sur . 2005 (accepted and in press)