PDF herunterladen
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2015; 09(02): 272-276
DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.156851
Original Article
Dental Investigation Society

The comparative effect of propolis in two different vehicles; mouthwash and chewing-gum on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation

Nuray Ercan
1   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
,
Ebru Olgun Erdemir
1   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
,
Serdar Yucel Ozkan
1   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
,
Meltem Karsiyaka Hendek
1   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
04. September 2019 (online)

   Lizenzen und Reprints

ABSTRACT

Objective: In general, chemical plaque agents have been used in mouthwashes, gels, and dentifrices. In some situations, application of mouthwashes and dentifrices can be difficult. Therefore, different approaches for oral health-care have been needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis chewing-gum compared to propolis-containing mouthwash on gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation on patients that refrained from daily oral hygiene procedures for 5 days. Materials and Methods: 10 college students with systemically healthy and very good oral hygiene and gingival health were included in this randomized, single-blind, crossover 5-day plaque regrowth with a 3-day washout period clinical study. After plaque scores were reduced to zero, participants were asked to refrain from oral hygiene procedures and allocated to either propolis mouthwash or chewing-gum group. Chewing-gum was performed after meals 3 times a day for 20 min mouthwash group was instructed to rinse mouthwash 2 times a day for 1 min. On day 5, the clinical periodontal measurements containing plaque and gingival indexes were taken from the participants. Results: The both plaque and gingival indexes of propolis mouthwash group were significantly lower than that of the propolis chewing-gum group (P = 0.005). Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the propolis mouthwash was more effective than the propolis chewing gum on the plaque inhibition and the gingival inflammation.

Key words:

Chewing gum - dental plaque - gingival inflammation - mouthwashes - propolis
 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Greenstein G, Berman C, Jaffin R. Chlorhexidine. An adjunct to periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 1986; 57: 370-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Flötra L, Gjermo P, Rölla G, Waerhaug J. Side effects of chlorhexidine mouth washes. Scand J Dent Res 1971; 79: 119-25
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Gazi MI. The finding of antiplaque features in Acacia Arabica type of chewing gum. J Clin Periodontol 1991; 18: 75-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Nagata H, Inagaki Y, Tanaka M, Ojima M, Kataoka K, Kuboniwa M. et al. Effect of eucalyptus extract chewing gum on periodontal health: A double-masked, randomized trial. J Periodontol 2008; 79: 1378-85
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Takahashi K, Fukazawa M, Motohira H, Ochiai K, Nishikawa H, Miyata T. A pilot study on antiplaque effects of mastic chewing gum in the oral cavity. J Periodontol 2003; 74: 501-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Amoian B, Moghadamnia AA, Barzi S, Sheykholeslami S, Rangiani A. Salvadora Persica extract chewing gum and gingival health: Improvement of gingival and probe-bleeding index. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2010; 16: 121-3
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Dodwad V, Kukreja BJ. Propolis mouthwash: A new beginning. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15: 121-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Kujumgiev A, Tsvetkova I, Serkedjieva Y, Bankova V, Christov R, Popov S. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origin. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 64: 235-40
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Russo A, Longo R, Vanella A. Antioxidant activity of propolis: Role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and galangin. Fitoterapia 2002; 73 (Suppl. 01) S21-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Mossalayi MD, Rambert J, Renouf E, Micouleau M, Mérillon JM. Grape polyphenols and propolis mixture inhibits inflammatory mediator release from human leukocytes and reduces clinical scores in experimental arthritis. Phytomedicine 2014; 21: 290-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Miguel MG, Antunes MD. Is propolis safe as an alternative medicine?. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2011; 3: 479-95
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Martínez SilveiraG, Gou GodoyA, Oña TorrienteR, Palmer OrtizMC, Falcón CuéllarMA. Preliminary study of the effects of propolis in the treatment of chronic gingivitis and oral ulceration. Rev Cubana Estomatol 1988; 25: 36-44
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Koo H, Gomes BP, Rosalen PL, Ambrosano GM, Park YK, Cury JA. In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and Arnica montana against oral pathogens. Arch Oral Biol 2000; 45: 141-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Gebara EC, Lima LA, Mayer MP. Propolis antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic bacteria. Braz J Microbiol 2002; 33: 365-9
    Google Scholar
  • 15 Gómez-Caravaca AM, Gómez-Romero M, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Advances in the analysis of phenolic compounds in products derived from bees. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41: 1220-34
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Botushanov PI, Grigorov GI, Aleksandrov GA. A clinical study of a silicate toothpaste with extract from propolis. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2001; 43: 28-30
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Morawiec T, Dziedzic A, Niedzielska I, Mertas A, Tanasiewicz M, Skaba D. et al. The biological activity of propolis-containing toothpaste on oral health environment in patients who underwent implant-supported prosthodontic rehabilitation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013: 704947
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Gebaraa EC, Pustiglioni AN, de Lima LA, Mayer MP. Propolis extract as an adjuvant to periodontal treatment. Oral Health Prev Dent 2003; 1: 29-35
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Coutinho A. Honeybee propolis extract in periodontal treatment: A clinical and microbiological study of propolis in periodontal treatment. Indian J Dent Res 2012; 23: 294
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 van der Ouderaa FJ. Anti-plaque agents. Rationale and prospects for prevention of gingivitis and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1991; 18: 447-54
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Simons D, Brailsford S, Kidd EA, Beighton D. The effect of chlorhexidine acetate/xylitol chewing gum on the plaque and gingival indices of elderly occupants in residential homes. J Clin Periodontol 2001; 28: 1010-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Nuuja T, Meurman JH, Murtomaa H, Kortelainen S, Metteri J. The effect of a combination of chlorhexidine diacetate, sodium fluoride and xylitol on plaque wet weight and periodontal index scores in military academy cadets refraining from mechanical tooth cleaning for 7-day experimental periods. J Clin Periodontol 1992; 19: 73-6
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Smith AJ, Moran J, Dangler LV, Leight RS, Addy M. The efficacy of an anti-gingivitis chewing gum. J Clin Periodontol 1996; 23: 19-23
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Steinberg LM, Odusola F, Mandel ID. Remineralizing potential, antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of xylitol and sorbitol sweetened chewing gum. Clin Prev Dent 1992; 14: 31-4
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Imfeld T. Chewing gum – facts and fiction: A review of gum-chewing and oral health. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1999; 10: 405-19
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Dawes C, Macpherson LM. Effects of nine different chewing-gums and lozenges on salivary flow rate and pH. Caries Res 1992; 26: 176-82
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Addy M, Perriam E, Sterry A. Effects of sugared and sugar-free chewing gum on the accumulation of plaque and debris on the teeth. J Clin Periodontol 1982; 9: 346-54
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Turesky S, Gilmore ND, Glickman I. Reduced plaque formation by the chloromethyl analogue of victamine C. J Periodontol 1970; 41: 41-3
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Loe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol 1967; 38: 610-6
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Quirynen M, Avontroodt P, Peeters W, Pauwels M, Coucke W, van Steenberghe D. Effect of different chlorhexidine formulations in mouthrinses on de novo plaque formation. J Clin Periodontol 2001; 28: 1127-36
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Sekino S, Ramberg P, Uzel NG, Socransky S, Lindhe J. Effect of various chlorhexidine regimens on salivary bacteria and de novo plaque formation. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30: 919-25
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Loe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol 1965; 36: 177-87
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 van der Weijden F, Slot DE. Oral hygiene in the prevention of periodontal diseases: The evidence. Periodontol 2000 2011; 55: 104-23
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Lindhe J, Koch G. The effect of supervised oral hygiene on the gingiva of children. Progression and inhibition of gingivitis. J Periodontal Res 1966; 1: 260-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Hancock EB. Periodontal diseases: Prevention. Ann Periodontol 1996; 1: 223-49
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Oosterwaal PJ, Mikx FH, van den Brink ME, Renggli HH. Bactericidal concentrations of chlorhexidine-digluconate, amine fluoride gel and stannous fluoride gel for subgingival bacteria tested in serum at short contact times. J Periodontal Res 1989; 24: 155-60
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Bankova V, Christov R, Kujumgiev A, Marcucci MC, Popov S. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis. Z Naturforsch C 1995; 50: 167-72
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Kujumgiev A, Bankova V, Ignatova A, Popov S. Antibacterial activity of propolis, some of its components and their analogs. Pharmazie 1993; 48: 785-6
    Google Scholar
  • 39 Ota C, Unterkircher C, Fantinato V, Shimizu MT. Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida. Mycoses 2001; 44: 375-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Amoros M, Sauvager F, Girre L, Cormier M. In vitro anti-viral activity of propolis. Apidologie 1992; 23: 231-40
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Orsolic N, Basic I. Immunomodulation by water-soluble derivative of propolis: A factor of antitumor reactivity. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 84: 265-73
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Burdock GA. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food Chem Toxicol 1998; 36: 347-63
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Ozan F, Sümer Z, Polat ZA, Er K, Ozan U, Deger O. Effect of mouthrinse containing propolis on oral microorganisms and human gingival fibroblasts. Eur J Dent 2007; 1: 195-201
    Artikel in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Wilson M. Susceptibility of oral bacterial biofilms to antimicrobial agents. J Med Microbiol 1996; 44: 79-87
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Schwach-Abdellaoui K, Vivien-Castioni N, Gurny R. Local delivery of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000; 50: 83-99
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Faraj JA, Dorati R, Schoubben A, Worthen D, Selmin F, Capan Y. et al. Development of a peptide-containing chewing gum as a sustained release antiplaque antimicrobial delivery system. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2007; 8: 26
    Google Scholar
  • 47 Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M. The potential of dental-protective chewing gum in oral health interventions. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139: 553-63
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Pereira EM, da Silva JL, Silva FF, De Luca MP, Ferreira EF, Lorentz TC. et al. Clinical evidence of the efficacy of a mouthwash containing propolis for the control of plaque and gingivitis: A phase II study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; 2011: 750249
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Ainamo J, Nieminen A, Westerlund U. Optimal dosage of chlorhexidine acetate in chewing gum. J Clin Periodontol 1990; 17: 729-33
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar