Subscribe to RSS

DOI: 10.4103/2278-330X.105856
Metastasis to left scapula with unknown primary: Approach to pathological diagnosis
Source of Support: Nill.
Abstract
Bony metastasis is a frequent occurrence in malignancy. However, the clinical presentation and pathological findings may sometimes be more in favor of a primary bone lesion. In such cases, immunochemistry has a very important role to play in reaching a final diagnosis. We present the case of a 35 year male patient who was investigated for a lytic lesion in the left scapula and was finally diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma with the help of immunostaining.
Publication History
Article published online:
31 December 2020
© 2013. MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Corcoran RJ, Thrall JH, Kyle RW, Kaminski RJ, Johnson MC. Solitary abnormalities in bone scans of patients with extraosseous malignancies. Radiology 1976;121:663-7.
- 2 Rosai J, editor. Rosai and Ackerman′s surgical pathology. 10 th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Mosby; 2011. p. 2013-4.
- 3 Rybak LD, Rosenthal DI. Radiological imaging for the diagnosis of bone metastases. Q J Nucl Med 2001;45:53-64.
- 4 Chu P, Wu E, Weiss LM. Cytokeratin 7 and Cytokeratin 20 expression in epithelial neoplasms: A Survey of 435 Cases. Mod Pathol 2000;13:962-72.
- 5 Wang NP, Zee S, Zarbo RJ, Bacchi CE, Gown AM. Coordinate expression of cytokeratins 7 and 20 defines unique subsets of carcinomas. Appl Immunohistochem 1995;3:99-107.
- 6 Kummar S, Fogarasi M, Canova A, Mota A, Ciesielski T. Cytokeratin 7 and 20 staining for the diagnosis of lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2002;86:1884-7.
- 7 Loy TS, Calaluce RD. Utility of cytokeratin immunostaining in separating pulmonary adenocarcinomas from colonic adenocarcinomas. Am J Clin Pathol 1994;102:764-7.
- 8 Loy TS, Calaluce RD, Keeney GL. Cytokeratin immunostaining in differentiating primary ovarian carcinoma from metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 1996;9:1040-4.
- 9 Kaufmann O, Deidesheimer T, Muehlenberg M, Deicke P, Dietel M. Immunohistochemical differentiation of metastatic breast carcinomas from metastatic adenocarcinomas of other common primary sites. Histopathology 1996;29:233-40.
- 10 Maeda T, Adachi E, Kajiyama K, Sugimachi K, Tsuneyishi M. Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma: Proposed criteria according to cytokeratin expression and analysis of clinicopathologic features. Hum Pathol 1995;26:956-64.
- 11 Zemer R, Fishman A, Bernheim J, Zimlichman S, Markowicz O, Altaras M, et al. Expression of cytokeratin-20 in endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 1998;70:410-3.
- 12 Tot T. Cytokeratins 20 and 7 as biomarkers: Usefulness in discriminating primary from metastatic adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2002;38:758-63.
- 13 Bayrak R, Yenidünya S, Haltas H. Cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 2011;207:156-60.
- 14 Linnoila RJ, Lack EE, Steinberg SM, Keiser HR. Decreased expression of neuropeptides in malignant paragangliomas. An immunohistochem study. Hum Pathol 1988;19:41-50.
- 15 Achilles E, Padberg BC, Holl K, Kloppel G, Schroder S. Immunocytochemistry of paragangliomas - value of staining for S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein in diagnosis and prognosis. Histopathology 1991;18:453-8.
- 16 Kliewer KE, Wen DR, Cancilla PA, Cochran AJ. Paragangliomas: Assessment of prognosis by histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural techniques. Hum Pathol 1989;20:29-39.
- 17 Moran CA, Rush W, Mena H. Primary spinal paragangliomas: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 30 cases. Histopathology 1997;31:167-73.
- 18 Labrousse F, Leboutet MJ, Petit B, Paraf F, Boncoeur-Martel MP, Moreau JJ, et al. Cytokeratins expression in paragangliomas of the cauda equine . Clin Neuropathol 1999;18:208-13.