CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · South Asian J Cancer 2013; 02(04): 290-295
DOI: 10.4103/2278-330X.119916
COMMENTARY

Clinical challenges: Myeloma and concomitant type 2 diabetes

Mohamed Ahmed Ali
Department of Endocrinology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh
,
Yasar A Ahmed
Princess Noorah Oncology Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah
,
Abubaker Ibrahim
Department of Haematology, Princes Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh
› Author Affiliations
Source of Support: Nill.

Abstract

Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder that accounts for approximately 10% of all hematological cancers. It is characterized by accumulation of clonal plasma cells, predominantly in the bone marrow. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing; therefore, it is expected that there will be an increase in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma with concomitant diabetes mellitus. The treatment of multiple myeloma and diabetes mellitus is multifaceted. The coexistence of the two conditions in a patient forms a major challenge for physicians.



Publication History

Article published online:
31 December 2020

© 2013. MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 
  • References

  • 1 Psarakis HM. Clinical challenges in caring for patients with diabetes and cancer. Diabetes Spectr 2006;19:157-62.
  • 2 Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA. Multiple myeloma: Diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80:1371-82.
  • 3 Jagannath S. Treatment of patients with myeloma with comorbid conditions: Considerations for the clinician. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2008;8 (4 suppl):S149-56.
  • 4 Richardson LC, Pollack LA. Therapy insight: Influence of type 2 diabetes on the development, treatment and outcomes of cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2005;2:48-53.
  • 5 Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW, Stadmauer EA, Facon T, Harousseau JL, et al. Reversibility of symptomatic peripheral neuropathy with bortezomib in the phase III APEX trial in relapsed multiple myeloma: Impact of a dose-modification guideline. Br J Haematol 2009;144:895-903.
  • 6 Richardson PG, Briemberg H, Jagannath S, Wen PY, Barlogie B, Berenson J, et al. Frequency, characteristics, and reversibility of peripheral neuropathy during treatment of advanced multiple myeloma with bortezomib. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3113-20.
  • 7 Badros A, Goloubeva O, Dalal JS, Can I, Thompson J, Rapoport AP, et al. Neurotoxicity of bortezomib therapy in multiple myeloma: A single-center experience and review of the literature. Cancer 2007;110:1042-9.
  • 8 Khan AE, Gallo V, Linseisen J, Kaaks R, Rohrmann S, Johnsen HE, et al. Diabetes and the risk of non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Haematologica 2008;93:842-50.
  • 9 Chiu BC, Gapstur SM, Greenland P, Wang R, Dyer A. Body mass index, abnormal glucose metabolism, and mortality from hematopoietic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:2348-54.
  • 10 Rajkumar SV, Blood E, Vesole D, Fonseca R, Greipp PR. Phase III clinical trial of thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone alone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A clinical trial coordinated by the eastern cooperative oncology group. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:431-6.
  • 11 Rajkumar SV, Rosiñol L, Hussein M, Catalano J, Jedrzejczak W, Lucy L, et al. Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone as initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2171-7.
  • 12 Harousseau JL, Mathiot C, Attal M. VELCADE/dexamethasone (Vel/D) versus VAD as induction treatment prior to autologous stem cell transplantion (ASCT) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM): Updated results of the IFM 2005/01 trial. Blood 2007;110 abstract no. 450.
  • 13 Cavo M, Zamagni E, Tosi P, Tacchetti P, Cellini C, Cangini D, et al. Superiority of thalidomide and dexamethasone over vincristine-doxorubicin- dexamethasone (VAD) as primary therapy in preparation for autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma. Blood 2005;106:35-9.
  • 14 Rajkumar SV, Jacobus S, Callander NS, Fonseca R, Vesole DH, Williams ME, et al. Lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone as initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: An open-label randomized controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2010;11:29-37.
  • 15 Richardson P, Lonial S, Jakubowiak A. Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Encouraging efficacy in high risk groups with updated results of a phase I/II study. Blood 2008;112 abstract no. 92.
  • 16 Cavo M, Tacchetti P, Patriarca F. A phase III study of double autotransplantation incorporating bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTD) or thalidomide-dexamethasone (TD) for multiple myeloma: Superior clinical outcomes with VTD compared to TD. Blood. 2009;114 abstract no. 351.
  • 17 Kumar S, Hayman S, Buadi F. Phase II trial of lenalidomide (Revlimid™) with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (RCd) for newly diagnosed myeloma. Blood. 2008;112 abstract no. 91.
  • 18 Kumar S, Flinn IW, Hari PN. Novel three- and four-drug combinations of bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, and lenalidomide, for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Encouraging results from the multi-center, randomized, phase 2 EVOLUTION study. Blood. 2009;114 abstract no. 127.
  • 19 Richardson PG, Mitsiades C, Schlossman R, Munshi N, Anderson K. New drugs for myeloma. Oncologist 2007;12:664-89.
  • 20 Childs B, Cypress M, Spollett G. Complete Nurse′s Guide to Diabetes Care. Alexandria, Va, USA: American Diabetes Association; 2005.
  • 21 Facon T, Mary JY, Pégourie B, Attal M, Renaud M, Sadoun A, et al. Dexamethasone-based regimens versus melphalan-prednisone for elderly multiple myeloma patients ineligible for high-dose therapy. Blood 2006;107:1292-8.
  • 22 Blade J, San Miguel JF, Nagler A. The prolonged time to progression with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin + bortezomib versus bortezomib alone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma is unaffected by extent of prior therapy or previous anthracycline exposure. Blood 2007;110, article 127a.
  • 23 Clement S, Braithwaite SS, Magee MF, Ahmann A, Smith EP, Schafer RG, et al. Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals. Diabetes Care 2004;27:553-91.
  • 24 Volgi JR, Baldwin D. Glucocorticoid therapy and diabetes management. Nurs Clin North Am 2001;36:333-9.
  • 25 Brunello A, Kapoor R, Extermann M. Hyperglycemia during chemotherapy for hematologic and solid tumors is correlated with increased toxicity. Am J Clin Oncology 2011;34:292-6.
  • 26 Aytac U, Dang NH. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV: A regulator of immune function and a potential molecular target for therapy. Curr Drug Targets 2004;4:11-8.
  • 27 Hadjiyanni I, Siminovitch KA, Danska JS, Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signaling selectively regulates murine lymphocyte proliferation and maintenance of peripheral regulatory T cells. Diabetologia 2010;53:730-40.
  • 28 Iqbal N, Zayed M, Boden G. Thalidomide impairs insulin action on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1172-6.
  • 29 Wilson JS, Vallance-Owen J. Congenital deformities and insulin antagonism. Lancet 1966;2:940-1.
  • 30 Figg WD, Arlen P, Gulley J. A randomized phase II trial of docetaxel (taxotere) plus thalidomide in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Semin Oncol 2001;28 (4 suppl 15):62-6.
  • 31 Pathak RD, Jayaraj K, Blonde L. Thalidomide-associated hyperglycemia and diabetes: Case report and review of literature. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1322-3.
  • 32 Plasmati R, Pastorelli F, Cavo M, Petracci E, Zamagni E, Tosi P, et al. Neuropathy in multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide: A prospective study. Neurology 2007;69:573-81.
  • 33 Borrello I, Ferguson A, Huff CA. Bortezomib and thalidomide treatment of newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma, efficacy and neurotoxicity. Blood. 2006 ASH Annual Meeting abstracts 108, abstract no. 3528.
  • 34 Singhal S, Mehta J, Desikan R, Ayers D, Roberson P, Eddlemon P, et al. Antitumor activity of thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1565-71.
  • 35 Pal PK. Clinical and electrophysiological studies in vincristine induced neuropathy. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1999;39:323-30.
  • 36 Argyriou AA, Iconomou G, Kalofonos HP. Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma: A comprehensive review of the literature. Blood 2008;112:1593-9.
  • 37 Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW, Stadtmauer EA, Facon T, Harousseau JL, et al. Reversibility of symptomatic peripheral neuropathy with bortezomib in the phase III APEX trial in relapsed multiple myeloma: Impact of a dose-modification guideline. Brit J Haemat 2009;144:895-903.
  • 38 Palumbo A, Davies F, Kropff M, Blade J, Delforge M, Leal da Costa F, et al. Consensus guidelines for the optimal management of adverse events in newly diagnosed, transplant-ineligible patients receiving melphalan and prednisone in combination with thalidomide (MPT) for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Ann Hematolo 2010;89:803-11.
  • 39 Boya F, Laruant B, Pajouhi M, Lofti J, Noraii MM, Bandarian F. Peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients and its contributing factors. Iran J Diabetes Lipid Disord 2003;3:41-6.
  • 40 Almadrones L, McGuire DB, Walczak JR, Florio CM, Tian C. Psychometric evaluation of two scales assessing functional status and peripheral neuropathy associated with chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: A gynecologic oncology group study. Oncol Nurs Forum 2004;31:615-23.
  • 41 Bladé J, Fernández-Llama P, Bosch F, Montoliu J, Lens XM, Montoto S, et al. Renal failure in multiple myeloma: Presenting features and predictors of outcome in 94 patients from a single institution. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1889-93.
  • 42 National Kidney Foundation. Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-KDOQI): Clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2007;49:S1-179.
  • 43 Korbet SM, Schwartz MM. Multiple myeloma. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:2533-45.
  • 44 Santostefano M, Zanchelli F, Zaccaria A, Poletti G, Fusaroli M. The ultrastructural basis of renal pathology in monoclonal gammopathies. J Nephrol 2005;18:659-75.
  • 45 Knudsen LM, Hippe E, Hjorth M, Holmberg E, Westin J. Renal function in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma-a demographic study of 1353 patients. Eur J Haematol 1994;53:207-12.
  • 46 REVLIMID® (lenalidomide) Product Information, Celgene Corporation Summit, NJ 07901, USA, January 2009.
  • 47 Gæde P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Eng J Med 2008;358:580-91.
  • 48 Omoti AE, Omoti CE. Ophthalmic manifestations of multiple myeloma. West Afr J Med 2007;26:265-8.
  • 49 The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet 2010;375:2215-22.
  • 50 Hu XS, Du CQ, Yang L, Yao XY, Hu SJ. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 suppresses number and function of endothelial progenitor cells: Involvement of nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Int J Mol Med 2010;25:385-92.
  • 51 Nakayama M, Yasue H, Yoshimura M, Shimasaki Y, Kugiyama K, Ogawa H, et al. T-786 → C mutation in the 5′- flanking region of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm. Circulation 1999;99:2864-70.
  • 52 Govers R, De Bree P, Rabelink TJ. Involvement of the proteasome in activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Life Sci 2003;73:2225-36.
  • 53 Belloni D, Veschini L, Foglieni C, Dell′Antonio G, Caligaris-Cappio F, Ferrarini M, et al. Bortezomib induces autophagic death in proliferating human endothelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2010;316:1010-8.
  • 54 Meiners S, Laule M, Rother W, Guenther C, Prauka I, Muschick P, et al. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a new target for the prevention of restenosis. Circulation 2002;105:483-9.
  • 55 Martinet W, Kockx MM. Apoptosis in atheroclerosis: Implications for plaque destabilization.Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg 2004;66:61-79.
  • 56 Kavurma MM, Bhindi R, Lowe HC, Chesterman C, Khachigian LM. Vessel wall apoptosis and atherosclerotic plaque instability. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:465-72
  • 57 Versari D, Herrmann J, Gössl M, Mannheim D, Sattler K, Meyer FB, et al. Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in human carotid atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vascr Biol 2006;26:2132-9.
  • 58 Sedaghat D, Zakir RM, Choe J, Klapholz M, Saric M. Cardiac amyloidosis in a patient with multiple myeloma: A case report and review of literature. J Clin Ultrasound 2009;37:179-84
  • 59 Pérez-Díaz H, Serrano-Pozo A, González-Marcos JR. Multiple myeloma as a treatable cause of stroke: Clinical case and review of the literature. Neurologia 2007;22:54-7.
  • 60 Bloomgarden ZT. Diabetes and cancer. Diabetes Care 2001;24:780-1.