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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · South Asian J Cancer 2015; 04(03): 111-114
DOI: 10.4103/2278-330X.173174
GENITOURINARY : Original Article

Occupation, smoking, opium, and bladder cancer: A case–control study

Tayeb Ghadimi
Department of Surgery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj
,
Bahman Gheitasi
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
,
Sayran Nili
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
,
Mohammad Karimi
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
,
Ebrahim Ghaderi
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate occupational risk factors associated with bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, control group included patients who referred to a specialized clinic in the same city and hospitals where patients had been registered. Data were entered into SPSS software. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for occupational variables and other characteristics. Then, using logistic regression, the association between cancer and drugs was studied while smoking was controlled. Results: Cigarette smoking, even after quitting, was also associated with bladder cancer (OR = 2.549). Considering the classification of occupations, the OR of working in metal industry in patients was 10.629. Multivariate analysis showed that use of the drug by itself can be a risk factor for bladder cancer. Drug abuse together with the control of smoking increased the risk of bladder cancer by 4.959. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, contact with metal industries such as welding, and working with tin was found as a risk factor for bladder cancer. In addition, cigarette smoking and opium abuse individually were associated with bladder cancer.

Key words

Bladder cancer - cigarette - drugs - occupational factors - risk factors


Publication History

Article published online:
31 December 2020

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