Subscribe to RSS
Download PDF
DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_61_20
Pharmacogenomics
Authors
Financial support and sponsorship Nil.
Introduction
Pharmacogenomics is defined as the study of influence of genetic variations on individual differences in response to pharmacological agents.[1] Pharmacogenetics is a subset of pharmacogenomics and is the study of the influence of variation in DNA sequence on differential drug responses.[1] Apart from variation in the DNA sequence, pharmacogenomics also includes epigenetics or transcriptomic changes. Variations in genetic makeup at any of the below-mentioned steps within a population may lead to unpredictable clinical responses and toxicity profiles. Identification of these genetic factors will help in the optimization of therapy, predicting response or adverse events and individualize therapy.
-
Pharmacokinetics – drug absorption, activation, metabolism, or excretion
-
Pharmacodynamics – genetic variations that reduce the binding affinity of the drug to its receptor or resistance mechanisms to circumvent or block the drugs action
-
Disease pathogenesis and response to specific therapies: genomic studies helped to identify targetable driver mutations, which lead to a paradigm change in oncology care
-
Idiosyncratic reactions such as susceptibility to a hypersensitivity reaction to a certain drug.
Publication History
Received: 14 February 2020
Accepted: 04 June 2020
Article published online:
17 May 2021
© 2020. Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Albertini L, Siest G, Jeannesson E, Visvikis-Siest S. Availability of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic information in anticancer drug monographs in France: Personalized cancer therapy. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12: 681-91
- 2 Relling MV, Gardner EE, Sandborn WJ, Schmiegelow K, Pui CH, Yee SW. et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 89: 387-91
- 3 Coriat R, Chaussade S. Pro or con the phenotyping/genotyping of patients treated by 5-fluorouracil to prevent adverse drug reactions?. Therapie 2007; 62: 105-9
- 4 Innocenti F, Undevia SD, Iyer L, Chen PX, Das S, Kocherginsky M. et al. Genetic variants in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene predict the risk of severe neutropenia of irinotecan. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 1382-8