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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2020; 41(04): 550-551
DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_61_20
Traineeʼs Corner

Pharmacogenomics

M Shivashankara
Department of Medical Oncology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
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Introduction

Pharmacogenomics is defined as the study of influence of genetic variations on individual differences in response to pharmacological agents.[1] Pharmacogenetics is a subset of pharmacogenomics and is the study of the influence of variation in DNA sequence on differential drug responses.[1] Apart from variation in the DNA sequence, pharmacogenomics also includes epigenetics or transcriptomic changes. Variations in genetic makeup at any of the below-mentioned steps within a population may lead to unpredictable clinical responses and toxicity profiles. Identification of these genetic factors will help in the optimization of therapy, predicting response or adverse events and individualize therapy.

  1. Pharmacokinetics – drug absorption, activation, metabolism, or excretion

  2. Pharmacodynamics – genetic variations that reduce the binding affinity of the drug to its receptor or resistance mechanisms to circumvent or block the drugs action

  3. Disease pathogenesis and response to specific therapies: genomic studies helped to identify targetable driver mutations, which lead to a paradigm change in oncology care

  4. Idiosyncratic reactions such as susceptibility to a hypersensitivity reaction to a certain drug.



Publication History

Received: 14 February 2020

Accepted: 04 June 2020

Article published online:
17 May 2021

© 2020. Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

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