The characteristics of private plastic surgery practice in developing country: An epidemiological study

ABSTRACT

Background: With the rise in working-age population, there has been notable economic growth in Indonesia. Along with it, there is an increase in expenditure for non-food items such as health-care service, without exception to plastic surgery practice. Aesthetic plastic surgery practice has gained its popularity in several other developing countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. Epidemiology report of private plastic surgery practice in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, will provide the evidence of increasing need for aesthetic plastic surgery practices as the basis for further improvement. Methods: This is a single-centre descriptive cross-sectional study with a total sampling method which included all patients registered at a private plastic surgery clinic between January 2008 and December 2016. Results: There were 1457 medical procedures. The majority (93.4%) of patients were female. More than 80% were surgical procedures, the most common ones were breast implant and blepharoplasty with the latter being similarly popular in both gender. The majority of the patients fell into 20–45-year-old group. Patients <20-year-old had undergone a more minor surgical procedure such as skin tumour and nevus excision or scar treatment while patients >45-year-old had more procedures with rejuvenation purpose. Conclusion: The epidemiology of private plastic surgery practice in an urban area of developing country resembles those in either developed or developing countries with a similar socio-demographic profile. This data can be further utilised for a more focused private plastic surgery practice improvement. The limitation however is that, the study is based on a single centre data.

KEY WORDS:

Aesthetic surgery - epidemiology - private plastic surgery

• REFERENCES

• 1 Elias S, Noone C. The Growth and Development of the Indonesian Economy. Sydney: RBA Bulletin; 2011: 33-34
• 2 International Monetary Fund Asia and Pacific Dept. Indonesia 2015 international Monetary Fund Report. Washington (DC): International Monetary Fund; 2016
• 3 Hodges AM. Developing plastic surgery in developing countries. Ann Plast Surg 2011; 67: 571-3
• 4 Mishra B, Koirala R, Tripathi N, Shrestha KR, Adhikary B, Shah S. et al. Plastic surgery-myths and realities in developing countries: Experience from Eastern Nepal. Plast Surg Int 2011; 2011: 870902
• 5 Riggs LE. The Globalization of Cosmetic Surgery: BRIC and Beyond [dissertation]. San Fransisco (CA): University of San Fransisco; 2012
• 6 Jumlah Kelahiran dan Kematian di Jakarta Selatan. Jakarta (DKI Jakarta): Badan Pusat Statistik. 2014 Available from: https://www.jakselkota.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2015/12/29/7/jumlah-kelahiran-dan-kematian-menurut-jenis-kelamin-2014.html [Last accessed on 2017 Nov 13].
• 7 Jumlah Sarana Kesehatan Dasar di Jakarta Selatan. Jakarta (DKI Jakarta): Badan Pusat Statistik. 2014 Available from: https://www.jakselkota.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2015/12/29/12/jumlah-sarana-kesehatan-dasar-menurut-kecamatan-2014.html [Last accessed on 2017 Nov 13].
• 8 Nellis JC, Ishii M, Byrne PJ, Boahene KDO, Dey JK, Ishii LE. et al. Association among facial paralysis, depression, and quality of life in facial plastic surgery patients. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2017; 19: 190-6
• 9 Dey JK, Ishii M, Phillis M, Byrne PJ, Boahene KD, Ishii LE. et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in a facial plastic and reconstructive surgery clinic: Measuring prevalence, assessing comorbidities, and validating a feasible screening instrument. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2015; 17: 137-43
• 10 Fathololoomi MR, Goljanian TA, Fattahi BA, Noohi SA, Makhdoom A. Body dysmorphic disorder in aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates. Pak J Med Sci 2013; 29: 197-200
• 11 Kalus AR, Cregan C. Cosmetic facial surgery: The influence of self-esteem on job satisfaction and burnout. Asia Pac J Hum Resour 2017; 55: 320-36
• 12 von Soest T, Kvalem IL, Skolleborg KC, Roald HE. Psychosocial changes after cosmetic surgery: A 5-year follow-up study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 128: 765-72
• 13 Furnham A, Levitas J. Factors that motivate people to undergo cosmetic surgery. Can J Plast Surg 2012; 20: e47-50
• 14 Atiyeh BS, Kadry M, Hayek SN, Moucharafieh RS. Aesthetic surgery and religion: Islamic law perspective. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2008; 32: 1-0
• 15 Seltzer AP. Religion and cosmetic surgery. J Natl Med Assoc 1965; 57: 205-7
• 16 International Survey on Aesthetic/Cosmetic Procedures Performed in 2015. Hanover (NH): 2016. Available from: https://www.isaps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/2016-ISAPS-Results-1.pdf [Last accessed on 2017 Nov 15].
• 17 Chen WP, Park JD. Asian upper lid blepharoplasty: An update on indications and technique. Facial Plast Surg 2013; 29: 26-31
• 18 Murri M, Hamill EB, Hauck MJ, Marx DP. An update on lower lid blepharoplasty. Semin Plast Surg 2017; 31: 46-50
• 19 Jovic G, Corlew DS, Bowman KG. Plastic and reconstructive surgery in Zambia: Epidemiology of 16 years of practice. World J Surg 2012; 36: 241-6
• 20 Beghin JC, Teshome Y. Perfecting Beauty Under The Knife: The Determinants of Global Cosmetic Surgery Consumption. Ames (IA): 2014. Available from: http://www.lib.dr.iastate.edu/econ_las_workingpapers/27 [Last accessed on 2018 Jun 13].
• 21 Javo IM, Sørlie T. Psychosocial characteristics of young norwegian women interested in liposuction, breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, and abdominoplasty: A population-based study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 125: 1536-43
• 22 Plastic Surgery Statistics Report. Arlington (IL): 2016. Available from: https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2016/plastic-surgery-statistics-full-report-2016.pdf [Last accessed on 2018 Jun 13].
• 23 Holcomb JD, Gentile RD. Aesthetic facial surgery of male patients: Demographics and market trends. Facial Plast Surg 2005; 21: 223-31
• 24 Salehahmadi Z, Rafie SR. Factors affecting patients undergoing cosmetic surgery in Bushehr, Southern Iran. World J Plast Surg 2012; 1: 99-106
• 25 Hamilton MM, Hobgood T. Emerging trends and techniques in male aesthetic surgery. Facial Plast Surg 2005; 21: 324-8
• 26 Jagdeo J, Keaney T, Narurkar V, Kolodziejczyk J, Gallagher CJ. Facial treatment preferences among aesthetically oriented men. Dermatol Surg 2016; 42: 1155-63
• 27 Lam SM. Aesthetic facial surgery for the Asian male. Facial Plast Surg 2005; 21: 317-23
• 28 Cunningham BL, Lokeh A, Gutowski KA. Saline-filled breast implant safety and efficacy: A multicenter retrospective review. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000; 105: 2143-9
• 29 Freshwater MF. The future of plastic surgery data collection, analysis and presentation. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2016; 69: 864-8