Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice 2021; 04(03): 120-124
DOI: 10.4103/jdep.jdep_26_21
Original Article

Knowledge, beliefs, and practices of people with Type 2 diabetes toward self-management and diabetic foot

Hani Naguib
1   Department of Internal Medicine, Bausher Polyclinic, Al Nahda Hospital, Muscat, Oman
,
Shiju Raman
1   Department of Internal Medicine, Bausher Polyclinic, Al Nahda Hospital, Muscat, Oman
,
Avinash Pinto
2   Centre of Studies and Research, Directorate General of Planning and Studies, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
,
Aisha Al Mehrezi
3   Department of Podiatry, Bausher Polyclinic, Al Nahda Hospital, Muscat, Oman
,
Aziza Al Hinaii
3   Department of Podiatry, Bausher Polyclinic, Al Nahda Hospital, Muscat, Oman
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Introduction: Diabetic foot syndrome is one of the most common and devastating preventable complications of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge and awareness about the disease can have a positive influence on attitude and practices of patients. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs, and practices (KBPs) regarding diabetes and diabetic foot syndrome among Omani type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: We studied 150 participants from the diabetes clinic, Bausher Polyclinic, Muscat. A questionnaire was used to determine KBPs around diabetic foot care. Results: There were 90 females and 60 males, 67.9% were older than 50 years, 42.7% were illiterate, and 72% of them were not working or retired. Only 38% checked their feet regularly; 5.6% had diabetic foot syndrome. Over half of the respondents (55.3%) did not know the causes of diabetic foot syndrome and half of the respondents did not know symptoms of the same. Just over one-third (37.3%) thought that their doctor alone was responsible for foot examination. Only 32.7% thought that they should examine their own feet. The majority believed that walking barefoot and diabetic foot syndrome are “big” problems (84% and 80%, respectively). More than three-quarters (78%) reported checking water temperature before use, 38.7% use warm water for washing feet, and 39.3% reported drying their feet after washing. Only 38% check their feet regularly. Finally, only one-third confirmed checking their blood sugar regularly. Conclusions: The KBP triad must be interconnected in order to achieve successful preventive foot care.

Keywords

Attitude - diabetic foot - knowledge - practices

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.




Publication History

Received: 12 June 2021

Accepted: 09 July 2021

Article published online:
06 July 2022

© 2021. Gulf Association of Endocrinology and Diabetes (GAED). All rights reserved. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Bommer C, Heesemann E, Sagalova V, Manne-Goehler J, Atun R, Bärnighausen T, et al. The global economic burden of diabetes in adults aged 20-79 years: A cost-of-illness study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017;5:423-30.
  • 2 Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018;138:271-81.
  • 3 Alhyas L, McKay A, Balasanthiran A, Majeed A. Quality of type 2 diabetes management in the states of the co-operation council for the Arab States of the Gulf: A systematic review. PLoS One 2011;6:e22186.
  • 4 Al-Lawati JA, Panduranga P, Al-Shaikh HA, Morsi M, Mohsin N, Khandekar RB, et al. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Oman: Results from two decades of research. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2015;15:e226-33.
  • 5 Ministry of Health. Oman STEPS Survey Fact Sheet. Muscat, Oman: Ministry of Health; 2017.
  • 6 Singh N, Armstrong DG, Lipsky BA. Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. JAMA 2005;293:217-28.
  • 7 Zhang P, Lu J, Jing Y, Tang S, Zhu D, Bi Y. Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: A systematic review and meta-analysis †. Ann Med 2017;49:106-16.
  • 8 Armstrong DG, Boulton AJM, Bus SA. Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. N Engl J Med 2017;376:2367-75.
  • 9 Moxey PW, Gogalniceanu P, Hinchliffe RJ, Loftus IM, Jones KJ, Thompson MM, et al. Lower extremity amputations – A review of global variability in incidence. Diabet Med 2011;28:1144-53.
  • 10 Narres M, Kvitkina T, Claessen H, Droste S, Schuster B, Morbach S, et al. Incidence of lower extremity amputations in the diabetic compared with the non-diabetic population: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017;12:e0182081.
  • 11 Al-Busaidi IS, Abdulhadi NN, Coppell KJ. Care of patients with diabetic foot disease in Oman. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2016;16:e270-6.
  • 12 Ministry of Health. Diabetes Mellitus Management Guidelines. 3rd ed. Oman: Ministry of Health; 2015.
  • 13 Al-Busaidi IS. Diabetic foot disease in Oman: A call for more research. Oman Med J 2017;32:354-5.
  • 14 Gul N. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of type 2 diabetic patients. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2010;22:128-31.
  • 15 Chellan G, Srikumar S, Varma AK, Mangalanandan TS, Sundaram KR, Jayakumar RV, et al. Foot care practice-the key to prevent diabetic foot ulcers in India. Foot (Edinb) 2012;22:298-302.
  • 16 Upadhyay DK, Palaian S, Shankar PR, Mishra P, Pokhara N. Knowledge, attitude and practice about diabetes among diabetes patients in Western Nepal. Rawal Med J 2008;33:8-11.
  • 17 Gunay T, Ulusel B, Velipasaoglu S, Unal B, Ucku R, Ozgener N. Factors affecting adult knowledge of diabetes in Narlidere Health District, Turkey. Acta Diabetol 2006;43:142-7.
  • 18 Baradaran H, Knill-Jones R. Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and understanding of type 2 diabetes amongst ethnic groups in Glasgow, Scotland. Pract Diabetes Int 2004;21:143-8.
  • 19 Shah VN, Kamdar PK, Shah N. Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practice of type 2 diabetes among patients of Saurashtra region, Gujarat. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2009;29:118-22.
  • 20 George H, Rakesh P, Krishna M, Alex R, Abraham VJ, George K, et al. Foot care knowledge and practices and the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among people with diabetes attending a secondary care rural hospital in southern India. J Family Med Prim Care 2013;2:27-32.
  • 21 Ekore RI, Ajayi IO, Arije A, Ekore JO. Knowledge of and attitude to foot care amongst Type 2 diabetes patients attending a university-based primary care clinic in Nigeria. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2001;2:3.
  • 22 Ambigapathy R, Ambigapathy S, Ling H. A knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study of diabetes mellitus among patients attending Klinik Kesihatan Seri Manjung. NCD Malays 2003;2:6-16.
  • 23 Jackson IL, Adibe MO, Okonta MJ, Ukwe CV. Knowledge of self-care among type 2 diabetes patients in two states of Nigeria. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2014;12:404.