Hamostaseologie 2014; 34(S 01): S53-S56
DOI: 10.5482/HAMO-14-02-0011
Case report
Schattauer GmbH

Significance of platelet function diagnostics for clarification of suspected battered child syndrome

Stellenwert der Thrombozytenfunktionsdiagnostik zur Abklärung misshandlungsverdächtiger Blutungen bei Kindern
R. Knöfler
1   Children’s Hospital, Department of Hemostaseology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden
,
J. Lohse
1   Children’s Hospital, Department of Hemostaseology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden
,
J. Stächele
1   Children’s Hospital, Department of Hemostaseology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden
,
A. Heilmann*
1   Children’s Hospital, Department of Hemostaseology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden
,
F. Schwier*
2   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden
,
U. Schmidt
3   Institute of Forensic Medicine; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Germany
,
C. Erfurt
3   Institute of Forensic Medicine; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Germany
› Author Affiliations
The authors thank Dr. Josephine Tauer and Franziska Paul for performing the whole blood lumi-aggregometry testing as well as Dr. Siegmund Gehrisch as head of the coagulation laboratory at the Institute of Laboratory Medicine and his staff for performing the comprehensive coagulation tests in the two patients and their family members. We thank Dr. Nina Rolf from the Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University of British Columbia for proofreading the manuscript.
Further Information

Publication History

received: 23 February 2014

accepted in revised form: 18 June 2014

Publication Date:
27 December 2017 (online)

Summary

Summary: The manifestation of an unclear bleeding tendency in childhood calls for an extended coagulation work-up, particularly when a battered child syndrome is suspected and typical concomitant injuries are absent. The chosen diagnostic tests should be able to detect the presence of relatively common coagulation defects such as von Willebrand syndrome or hemophilia, but also rare diseases such as inherited thrombocytopathies. The PFA-100® test does not help to provide a definite diagnosis especially in cases of mild inherited thrombocytopathies, since in most cases the PFA-100® test results are normal. For this purpose, specific platelet function testing is needed. However, the methods are only available in some coagulation laboratories. Also, other limitations need to be taken into consideration such as pre-analytical problems and difficulties in the interpretation of test results especially in infants.

We present two cases that were diagnosed with an aspirin-like defect as an inherited thrombocytopathy, even though their PFA-100 closure times were within the normal range. Based on pathological findings in the platelet aggregometry test, this diagnosis could be made.

Zusammenfassung

Das Auftreten einer unklaren Blutungsneigung beim Kind erfordert insbesondere bei Misshandlungsverdacht und fehlenden misshandlungstypischen Begleitverletzungen eine erweiterte Gerinnungsdiagnostik. Dazu sollten Teste eingesetzt werden, die in der Lage sind, sowohl relativ häufige Gerinnungsstörungen wie vonWillebrand-Syndrom und Hämophilie als auch seltene Erkrankungen wie angeborene Thrombozytopathien zu erfassen. Zur Diagnosestellung einer Thrombozytopathie ist der PFA-100® Test ungeeignet, denn besonders bei leichten Thrombozytenfunktionsstörungen finden sich meist normale Testergebnisse. Erforderlich ist eine spezielle Thrombozytenfunktionsdiagnostik, wobei diese Methoden nur in einigen Gerinnungslaboratorien verfügbar sind und eine Reihe weiterer Limitationen bezüglich der Präanalytik und der Interpretation von Testergebnissen insbesondere bei Säuglingen aufweisen.

Anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen wird demonstriert, dass auf diese Diagnostik trotzdem nicht verzichtet werden kann. Bei beiden Kindern wurde bei normalen Verschlusszeiten am PFA-100 mittels Aggregometrie ein Aspirin-like Defekt als angeborene Thrombozytopathie diagnostiziert.

* member of Child Protection Group