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Hamostaseologie 2012; 32(02): 115-125
DOI: 10.5482/ha-1170
Review
Schattauer GmbH

Epidemiology, risk and outcomes of venous thromboembolism in cancer

Epidemiologie, Risiken und Verlauf venöser Thromboembolien bei Krebs
A. Falanga
1   Division of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Dept. Oncology-Hematology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
,
L. Russo
1   Division of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Dept. Oncology-Hematology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received: 04 July 2011

accepted: 11 July 2011

Publication Date:
28 December 2017 (online)

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Summary

Cancer is associated with a fourfold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The risk of VTE varies according to the type of malignancy (i. e. pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, lymphoma) and its disease stage and individual factors (i. e. sex, race, age, previous VTE history, immobilization, obesity). Preventing cancer-associated VTE is important because it represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In order to identify cancer patient at particularly high risk, who need thromboprophylaxis, risk prediction models have become available and are under validation. These models include clinical risk factors, but also begin to incorporate biological markers. The major American and European scientific societies have issued their recommendations to guide the management of VTE in patients with cancer.

In this review the principal aspects of epidemiology, risk factors and outcome of cancer-associated VTE are summarized.

Zusammenfassung

Krebserkrankungen sind mit einem vierfach erhöhten Risiko für venöse Thromboembolien (VTE) assoziiert. Das VTE-Risiko variiert nach Art des malignen Tumors (d. h. Pankreas-karzinom, Hirntumoren, Lymphome), Krankheitsstadium und individuellen Faktoren (d. h. Geschlecht, ethnische Abstammung, Lebensalter, VTE in der Anamnese, Immobilisierung, Adipositas). Die Prävention paraneoplastischer VTE ist wichtig, da sie eine bedeutende Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsursache darstellt. Zur Identifizierung von Krebspatienten mit besonders hohem Risiko, die eine Thromboseprophylaxe benötigen, gibt es Modelle für die Risikovorhersage, die zurzeit validiert werden. Diese Modelle umfassen klinische Risikofaktoren, schließen aber auch erste biologische Marker ein. Die wichtigsten amerikanischen und europäischen Fachgesellschaften haben ihre Empfehlungen zum Management von VTE bei Krebspatienten vorgelegt.

In dieser Übersicht werden die wichtigsten Aspekte zu Epidemiologie, Risikofaktoren und Verlauf krebsbedingter VTE präsentiert.

Keywords

Venous thrombosis - hypercoagulability - cancer - thromboprophylaxis

Schlüsselwörter

Venöse Thrombose - Hyperkoagulabilität - Krebs - Thromboseprophylaxe
 

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