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Suchttherapie 2018; 19(03): 132-139
DOI: 10.1055/a-0594-8511
Schwerpunktthema
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Suchtprobleme unter Flüchtlingen und Migranten in Griechenland

Substance Use Problems among Refugees and Migrants in Greece
Kakia Nikolaou
1   Abteilung für Drogenabhängige IANOS, Allgemeines Krankenhaus von Thessaloniki, G. Papanikolaou – Psychiatrisches Krankenhaus Thessaloniki, Griechenland
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Publication History

Publication Date:
28 June 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Der Flüchtlingsstatus verstärkt die Vulnerabilität höchst gefährdeter Menschen, die Pre-Migrations-Traumata und Post-Migrations-Stress ausgesetzt sind. Die Auswirkungen des Migrationsstresses spiegeln sich wieder in der Entwicklung von psychischen Störungen, besonders von posttraumatischen Stressstörungen, Angst und Depression, wodurch die Gefahr für Alkohol- und Drogenkonsum erhöht wird. In Griechenland kommen noch die Auswirkungen der ökonomischen und humanistischen Krise hinzu. Flüchtlinge auf den griechischen Inseln müssen sich an den Empfangs- und Identifizierungszentren einen komplizierten und langwierigen Prozess unterziehen, mit ungewissem Ausgang des Asylverfahrens. Die Kapazität des Fachpersonals öffentlicher Dienstleistungen ist aufgrund fehlender Arbeitskräfte und Finanzmittel unzureichend, bei gleichzeitiger Zunahme der Einweisungen und der Notfälle mit psychiatrischen Problemen. Es gibt kaum systematische Untersuchungen des Substanzgebrauchs unter Flüchtlingen in Griechenland, Erfahrungen und Informationen sind limitiert. Qualitative und empirische Daten mehrerer Träger sprechen aber für eine Zunahme des Phänomens. Es wird das Profil von jungen, untätigen, armen Männer beschrieben, gut informiert über die verfügbaren Drogenszenen, viele schon in ihrer Heimat Gebraucher, mit Alkohol, Cannabis und Opioiden als Hauptsubstanzen. Alle offiziellen Drogenhilfeträger, Präventionszentren und viele Nichtregierungsorganisationen versuchen gemeinsam ein Netzwerk zu errichten, welches auf psychosoziale Unterstützung, reibungslose Integration von Kindern und Jugendlichen und Früherkennung von Gebrauchern abzielt. Es müssen aber noch alle Drogengebraucher an den Empfangszentren registriert, ein interinstitutioneller Träger aufgebaut, psychiatrische Beurteilungs-und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten in den Empfangszentren implementiert und Überweisungen zu spezialisierten Trägern ermöglicht werden.

Abstract

The refugee status increases the vulnerability of endangered people, exposed to pre-migration trauma and post-migration stress. The impact of migration stress is reflected in the development of mental disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression. The risk for psychoactive substance and alcohol use is consequently also increased. In Greece the confluent intersection of economic crisis and refugees’ crisis contributes to a further enhancement of the risk. Refugees at the reception and identification centers are obliged to go through a long and complicated process and to wait for the uncertain result to their asylum application. The capacity of professionals of public health services is limited, overstrained and exceeded. There was an increase recorded in psychiatric referrals and emergencies. There’s practically no existing, systematic investigation of substance use among refugees in Greece. Experience and information are very limited. Qualitative and empirical data from various carriers all agree on an enhancement of the phenomenon. The profile described is one of young, inactive, poor males, well informed on the available drug scenes in the area, many already using in their homeland, and alcohol, cannabis and opioids being the main substances of use. All official addiction services, prevention centers and non-governmental organizations have collaborated for the foundation of an interacting network in order to achieve psychosocial support, a smooth integration of children and adolescents and early detection of users. All substance users remain to be registered at reception and identification centers, an interinstitutional agency is to be engineered, psychiatric evaluation and treatment possibilities on site have to be introduced and referrals to specialized units need to become feasible.

Schlüsselwörter

Flüchtlinge - Migranten - Migrationsstress - Substanzgebrauch

Key words

Refugees - Migrants - Migration stress - Substance use
 

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