Berlin, 17.04.2018 – 241. Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG) zum Thema Zikavirus-Infektion während der Schwangerschaft, Auswirkungen auf den Feten und Empfehlungen zur Überwachung und Diagnostik

Epidemiologie

Das Zikavirus gehört wie das Dengue-, Gelbfieber- und FSME-Virus zum Genus Flavivirus. Das Virus wurde erstmalig in Uganda 1947 isoliert. Über einen Zeitraum von ca. 60 Jahren wurde nur sporadisch über Zikavirus-bedingte Erkrankungen berichtet. Ausbrüche traten erst 2007 in Südostasien und ab April 2015 in Brasilien auf. Das Virus breitete sich anschließend epidemisch in fast allen Ländern Mittel- und Südamerikas aus. Mittlerweile sind die Fallzahlen stark rückläufig. In manchen Gebieten (z. B. Samoa, Französisch-Polynesien, Mikronesien, Guadeloupe, Martinique) ist die Virusübertragung unterbrochen [1], [2]. In den USA traten autochthone Zikavirus-Infektionen in Florida und Texas auf. Im Jahr 2016 wurden in Florida 218, in Texas 6 Fälle, im Jahr 2017 (Stand November) nur noch jeweils ein Fall gemeldet [3].

In Europa traten bisher keine autochthonen Infektionen auf. In Deutschland wurden Ende 2015 die ersten Zikavirus-Infektionen bei Reiserückkehrern bekannt. Im Jahr 2016 wurden 222 Infektionen, 2017 nur 44 Fälle an das RKI gemeldet [4], [5]. Seit dem 1. Mai 2016 besteht nach dem IfSG Meldepflicht [6].

• Literatur

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