Anatomische Prothesen bei primärer Omarthrose

Dieser Beitrag soll zum Verständnis der primären Omarthrose mit Abgrenzung zur sekundären Ätiologie führen und die diagnostischen Schritte erläutern. Des Weiteren erfolgt die detaillierte Beschreibung von Prothesentypen, Operationsindikationen und der chirurgischen Technik.

Kernaussagen

• Die primäre Omarthrose stellt die häufigste Indikation zur anatomischen Schulterendoprothese dar.

• Die Nachbildung des anatomisch individuellen Humeruskopfumfangs und der Kopfhöhe ist für das operative Ergebnis entscheidend.

• Der deltoideopektorale Zugang gilt als Standardzugang.

• Unter Bewahrung der größtmöglichen Knochensubstanz ist die schaftfreie Prothese eine gute Option.

• Die Zementierung des Glenoids stellt den Goldstandard dar.

• Hohe Versagens- und Revisionsraten sind bei B2-Glenoiden zu erwarten. Kraniale Lockerung des Implantats, Glenoidabrieb, Subscapularisinsuffizienz, sekundäres Rotatorenmanschettenversagen sind häufige Komplikationen.

Schlüsselwörter

Omarthrose - anatomische Schulterprothese - Schaftprothese - Zementierung

• Literatur

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