Synkope, epileptischer oder psychogener Anfall? Der Weg zur richtigen Diagnose

Abstract

Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is a frequent cause of referral to an emergency room. In view of the impact on treatment and the patients’ daily life activities (e. g. profession, driving license), an accurate and timely diagnosis is of uttermost importance. This article provides key features and suggests a practical step-by-step approach of how to differentiate syncope, epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures as the commonest causes of nontraumatic TLOC.

Der kurzzeitige Bewusstseinsverlust ist ein häufiges Symptom in der Notfallversorgung. Differenzialdiagnostisch müssen Synkopen u. a. von epileptischen oder psychogenen Anfällen unterschieden werden, Fehleinschätzungen sind nicht selten. Dieser Artikel soll dazu befähigen, entscheidende klinische Kernsymptome systematisch zu erheben und so die Ursache des kurzzeitigen Bewusstseinsverlustes mit hoher Sicherheit abzuleiten.

Schlüsselwörter

kurzzeitiger Bewusstseinsverlust - epileptischer Anfall - Synkope - psychogener nicht-epileptischer Anfall

Key words

transient loss of consciousness - syncope - epileptic seizure - psychogenic non-epileptic seizure

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