Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2020; 70(06): 252-261
DOI: 10.1055/a-1112-7365
CME-Fortbildung

Suizidalität: Theoretische Konzepte, Risikoabschätzung und Behandlungsansätze

Suicidality: Theoretical Concepts, Risk Assessment and Treatment Options
Heide Glaesmer
,
Lena Spangenberg
,
Thomas Forkmann
,
Tobias Teismann

Vergleicht man den Kenntnisstand zum therapeutischen Umgang mit suizidalen Patienten mit dem zu anderen Störungsbereichen, wird ein erheblicher Nachholbedarf deutlich. Gleichwohl hat es in den vergangenen Jahren eine sehr positive Entwicklung gegeben, die sowohl die psychologische Theoriebildung als auch die Entwicklung von Behandlungsansätzen betrifft. Im Folgenden wird ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand gegeben.

Abstract

Compared to other mental disorders the evidence about clinical management of patients with suicidality is rather limited. Nevertheless, in the past few years a very positive development occured concerning the development and validation of psychological theories on suicidality as well as the development of specific treatment programs. An overview about the current state of knowledge is presented in the article.



Publication History

Received: 02 July 2019

Accepted: 16 January 2020

Article published online:
09 June 2020

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Posner K, Oquendo M, Gould M. et al. Columbia classification algorithm of suicide assessment (C-CASA): classification of suicidal events in the FDAʼs pediatric suicidal risk analysis of antidepressants. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164: 1035-1043. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.164.7.1035.
  • 2 Crosby AE, Ortega LAG, Melanson C. Self-directed violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements, version 1.0. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. 2011
  • 3 Falkai P, Wittchen HU. Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Störungen DSM-5® . Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2015
  • 4 Tucker RP, Michaels MS, Rogers ML. et al. Construct validity of a proposed new diagnostic entity: acute suicidal affective disturbance (ASAD). J Affect Disorders 2016; 189: 365-378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.049.
  • 5 Galynker I. The suicidal crisis. New York: Oxford University Press; 2017
  • 6 Statistisches Bundesamt. Todesursachenstatistik; 2019. Im Internet: http://www.destatis.de. Stand: 31.01.2020
  • 7 Naghavi M. Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016. BMJ 2019; 364: 194 doi:10.1136/bmj.l94
  • 8 Teismann T, Koban C, Illes F. et al. Psychotherapie suizidaler Patienten: therapeutischer Umgang mit Suizidgedanken, Suizidversuchen und Suiziden. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2016
  • 9 Forkmann T, Brähler E, Gauggel S. et al. Prevalence of suicidal ideation and related risk factors in the German general population. J Nerv Ment Dis 2012; 200: 401-405. DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31825322cf.
  • 10 WHO Preventing suicide: a global imperative. Genf: WHO; 2014. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/131056/9789241564779_eng.pdf?sequence=1 Stand: 30.01.2020
  • 11 Franklin JC, Ribeiro JD, Fox KR. et al. Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Psychol Bull 2017; 143: 187-232. DOI: 10.1037/bul0000084.
  • 12 Walsh CG, Ribeiro JD, Franklin JC. Predicting risk of suicide attempt over time through machine learning. Clin Psychol Sci 2017; 9: 457-469. doi:10.1177/2167702617691560
  • 13 Joiner TE. Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 2005
  • 14 Klonsky ED, May AM. The three-step theory (3ST): a new theory of suicide rooted in the “ideation-to-action” framework. Int J Cogn Ther 2015; 8: 114-129. doi:10.1521/ijct.2015.8.2.114
  • 15 O'Connor RC, Kirtley OJ. The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373 pii:20170268. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0268.
  • 16 Chu C, Buchman-Schmitt JM, Stanley ICH. et al. The interpersonal theory of suicide. A systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research. Psychol Bull 2017; 143: 1313-1345 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000123.
  • 17 Chu C, Klein KM, Buchman-Schmitt JM. et al. Routinized assessment of suicide risk in clinical practice: an empirically informed update. J Clin Psychol 2015; 71: 1186-1200. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22210.
  • 18 Belsher BE, Smolenski DJ, Pruitt LD. et al. Prediction Models for Suicide Attempts and Deaths: A Systematic Review and Simulation. JAMA. Psychiatry 2019; 76: 642-651. DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0174-.
  • 19 Teismann T, Koban C, Illes F. et al. Psychotherapie suizidaler Patienten. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2016
  • 20 Britton P, Patrick H, Wenzel A. et al. Integrating motivational interviewing and self-determination theory with cognitive behavioral therapy to prevent suicide. Cogn Behav Prac 2011; 18: 16-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.06.004.
  • 21 Bryan CJ, Mintz J, Clemans TA. et al. Effect of crisis response planning vs. contract for safety on suicide risk in U.S. army soldiers. J Affect Disorders 2017; 212: 64-72 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028.
  • 22 Dorrmann W. Pro und Contra von Verträgen bei Patienten in akuten suizidalen Krisen. Verhaltenstherapie 2005; 15: 39-46. doi:10.1159/000082736
  • 23 Rudd MD, Mandrusiak M, Joiner TE. The case against no-suicide contracts: The commitment to treatment statement as a practice alternative. J Clin Psychol 2006; 62: 243-251. doi:10.1002/jclp.20227
  • 24 Calati R, Courtet P. Is psychotherapy effective for reducing suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury rates. Meta-analysis and meta-regression of literature data. J Psychiat Res 2016; 79: 8-20. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.04.003
  • 25 Meerwijk EL, Parekh A, Oquendo MA. et al. Direct versus indirect psychosocial and behavioural interventions to prevent suicide and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2016; 3: 544-554. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00064-X.
  • 26 Bryan CJ, Rudd MD. Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention. New York: Guilford Press; 2018
  • 27 Milner AJ, Carter G, Pirkis J. et al. Letters, green cards, telephone calls and postcards: systematic and meta-analytic review of brief contact interventions for reducing self-harm, suicide attempts and suicide. Br J Psychiatry 2015; 206: 184-190. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.147819.
  • 28 Van Spijker BAJ, van Straten A. Kerkhof AJFM. Effectiveness of online self-help for suicidal thoughts: results of a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2014; 9: e90118. doi:10.2196/jmir.8595
  • 29 Bschor T. Antidepressiva. Berlin: Süd-West Verlag; 2018
  • 30 DGPPN. S3-Leitlinie/Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Unipolare Depression; 2015. https://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/nvl-005l_S3_Unipolare_Depression_2017-05.pdf.Stand: 31.01.2020
  • 31 Reinstatler L, Youssef NA. Ketamine as a potential treatment for suicidal ideation: a systematic review of the literature. Drugs R D 2015; 15: 37-43. doi:10.1007/s40268-015-0081-0