Notaufnahme up2date, Table of Contents Notaufnahme up2date 2020; 2(04): 383-397DOI: 10.1055/a-1118-5823 Trauma, Rücken und Extremitäten Schädel-Hirn-Trauma des Erwachsenen Thomas Beez , Kerim Beseoglu , Daniel HänggiRecommend Article Abstract Buy Article All articles of this category Das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ist ein häufiges und vielfältiges Krankheitsbild. Der folgende Beitrag betrachtet das leichte und das mittelschwere/schwere SHT getrennt – stets mit Augenmerk auf das in der Notaufnahme wichtige Wissen. Schlüsselwörter SchlüsselwörterSchädel-Hirn-Trauma - Notaufnahme - Diagnostik - Management - GCS Full Text References Literatur 1 Rickels E, von Wild K, Wenzlaff P. Head injury in Germany: A population-based prospective study on epidemiology, causes, treatment and outcome of all degrees of head-injury severity in two distinct areas. Brain Inj 2010; 24: 1491-1504 2 Feigin VL, Theadom A, Barker-Collo S. et al. Incidence of traumatic brain injury in New Zealand: A population-based study. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12: 53-64 3 Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Peloso PM. et al. Incidence, risk factors and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Rehabil Med Suppl 2004; 36 (Suppl. 43) 28-60 4 Maegele M, Lefering R, Sakowitz O. et al. Inzidenz und Versorgung des mittelschweren bis schweren Schädel-Hirn-Traumas. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 2019; 116: 167-173 5 Majdan M, Plancikova D, Brazinova A. et al. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries in Europe: a cross-sectional analysis. Lancet Public Health 2016; 1: e76-e83 6 Kinoshita K. Traumatic brain injury: pathophysiology for neurocritical care. J Intensive Care 2016; 4: 29 7 CRASH-3 trial collaborators. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, disability, vascular occlusive events and other morbidities in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (CRASH-3): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2019; 394: 1713-1723 8 Steiner LA, Andrews PJD. Monitoring the injured brain: ICP and CBF. Br J Anaesth 2006; 97: 26-38 9 Carney N, Totten AM, O’Reilly C. et al. Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Fourth Edition. Neurosurgery 2017; 80: 6-15 10 Grassberger M, Türk E, Yen K. Klinisch-forensische Medizin. Berlin: Springer; 2013 11 Clusmann H, Schaller C, Schramm J. Fixed and dilated pupils after trauma, stroke, and previous intracranial surgery: Management and outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 71: 175-181 12 Schweitzer AD, Niogi SN, Whitlow CJ. et al. Traumatic Brain Injury: Imaging Patterns and Complications. RadioGraphics 2019; 39: 1571-1595 13 Firsching R, Rickels E, Mauer UM. et al. Leitlinie Schädel-Hirn-Trauma im Erwachsenenalter. AWMF-Register-Nr. 008/001; 2015 Verfügbar unter (Stand 08.09.2020): https://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/008-001l_S2e_Schaedelhirntrauma_SHT_Erwachsene_2016-06.pdf 14 Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen K. et al. The Canadian CT Head Rule for patients with minor head injury. Lancet 2001; 357: 1391-1396 15 Thelin EP, Jeppsson E, Frostell A. et al. Utility of neuron-specific enolase in traumatic brain injury; relations to S100B levels, outcome, and extracranial injury severity. Crit Care 2016; 20: 285 16 Czeiter E, Amrein K, Gravesteijn BY. et al. Blood biomarkers on admission in acute traumatic brain injury: Relations to severity, CT findings and care path in the CENTER-TBI study. EBioMedicine 2020; 56: 102785 17 Undén J, Ingebrigtsen T, Romner B. Scandinavian guidelines for initial management of minimal, mild and moderate head injuries in adults: an evidence and consensus-based update. BMC Med 2013; 11: 50 18 Foks KA, Cnossen MC, Dippel DWJ. et al. Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury at the Emergency Department and Hospital Admission in Europe: A Survey of 71 Neurotrauma Centers Participating in the CENTER-TBI Study. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34: 2529-2535 19 Sweeney TE, Salles A, Harris OA. et al. Prediction of neurosurgical intervention after mild traumatic brain injury using the national trauma data bank. World J Emerg Surg 2015; 10: 1-7 20 Komiyama K, Tosaka M, Shimauchi-Ohtaki H. et al. Computed tomography findings after head injury preceding chronic subdural hematoma. Neurosurg Focus 2019; 47: 7-13 21 Sellmann T, Miersch D, Kienbaum P. et al. The impact of arterial hypertension on polytrauma and traumatic brain injury. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 2012; 109: 849-856 22 Stocchetti N, Carbonara M, Citerio G. et al. Severe traumatic brain injury: targeted management in the intensive care unit. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16: 452-464 23 Balestreri M, Czosnyka M, Hutchinson P. et al. Impact of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure on severe disability and mortality after head injury. Neurocrit Care 2006; 4: 8-13 24 Patel HC, Menon DK, Tebbs S. et al. Specialist neurocritical care and outcome from head injury. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 547-553 25 Smith M, Maas AIR. An algorithm for patients with intracranial pressure monitoring: filling the gap between evidence and practice. Intensive Care Med 2019; 45: 1819-1821 26 Edwards P, Arango M, Balica L. et al. Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury-outcomes at 6 months. Lancet 2005; 365: 1957-1959 27 Kolias AG, Viaroli E, Rubiano AM. et al. The Current Status of Decompressive Craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Trauma Reports 2018; 4: 326-332 28 Gardner RC, Dams-O’Connor K, Morrissey MR. et al. Geriatric traumatic brain injury: Epidemiology, outcomes, knowledge gaps, and future directions. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35: 889-906 29 Easter JS, Haukoos JS, Claud J. et al. Traumatic intracranial injury in intoxicated patients with minor head trauma. Acad Emerg Med 2013; 20: 753-760 30 Maegele M, Schöchl H, Menovsky T. et al. Coagulopathy and haemorrhagic progression in traumatic brain injury: advances in mechanisms, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16: 630-647 31 Wiegele M, Schöchl H, Haushofer A. et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach in adult patients with traumatic brain injury receiving oral anticoagulant therapy: An Austrian interdisciplinary consensus statement. Crit Care 2019; 23: 1-16 32 AWMF. S3-Leitlinie Polytrauma/Schwerverletzten-Behandlung. AWMF-Register-Nr. 012/019; 2016 Verfügbar unter (Stand 08.09.2020): https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/012-019.html 33 Maegele M, Grottke O, Schöchl H. et al. Direkte orale Antikoagulanzien in der traumatologischen Notaufnahme – Perioperative Behandlung und Umgang in Blutungssituationen. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 2016; 113: 575-582 34 Antoni A, Heinz T, Leitgeb J. Polytrauma und begleitendes Schädel-Hirn-Trauma: Die Rolle des Unfallchirurgen. Unfallchirurg 2017; 120: 722-727 35 van der Naalt J, Timmerman ME, de Koning ME. et al. Early predictors of outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (UPFRONT): an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16: 532-540 36 Hutchinson PJ, Kolias AG, Timofeev IS. et al. Trial of Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Intracranial Hypertension. N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 1119-1130 37 Scotter J, Hendrickson S, Marcus HJ. et al. Prognosis of patients with bilateral fixed dilated pupils secondary to traumatic extradural or subdural haematoma who undergo surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Med J 2015; 32: 654-659 38 Seelig JM, Becker DP, Miller JD. et al. Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma: Major Mortality Reduction in Comatose Patients Treated within Four Hours. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 1511-1518 39 Bullock MRoss, Chesnut Randall, Ghajar Jamshid. et al. Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurosurgery 2006; 58: S2-vi
