Psychometrische Eigenschaften und Faktorstruktur der deutschen Version der Beck-Suizidgedanken-Skala (BSS): Validierung an einer Stichprobe psychiatrischer Patienten

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Studie Dimensionalität, Reliabilität und konvergente Validität der deutschsprachigen Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) sollen erstmalig in einer klinischen Stichprobe untersucht warden.

Methodik 308 stationäre Patienten nach Suizidversuch/mit akuter Suizidalität wurden rekrutiert (53,6% weiblich); 224 füllten die vollständige BSS sowie weitere Fragebögen für Depression (DESC), Hoffnungslosigkeit (BHS), interpersonale Variablen (INQ) und Defeat (DS-d)/Entrapment (ES-d) aus. Neben konfirmatorischen Faktoranalysen (CFA, Prüfung von Modellen mit 1, 2, 3 und 5 Faktoren) zur Dimensionalitätsprüfung wurden Pearson-Korrelationen zur Bestimmung der konvergenten Validität berechnet.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt erzielt das 5-Faktoren-Modell den besten Fit; ohne Berücksichtigung des RMSEA-Wertes ist der Modell-Fit zwischen den verschiedenen Modellen allerdings vergleichbar. Im Rahmen der mehrfaktoriellen Modelle entstehen inhaltlich vergleichbare Subskalen. Akzeptable interne Konsistenzen zeigen sich nur für die Subskalen, die passive Todeswünsche (α>0,80), aktive Suizidgedanken (α>0,73) und suizidhandlungsbezogene Items (α>0,70) erfassen. Der BSS-Summenscore sowie die Subskalen, die passive bzw. aktive Suizidgedanken abbilden, korrelieren moderat mit DESC, BHS, INQ und DS-d/ ES-d (r zwischen 0,25 und 0,66), während die handlungsbezogene Subskala keine (INQ, Thwarted Belongingness) bzw. geringe Assoziationen zeigt (r zwischen 0,14 und 0,27).

Schlussfolgerung Die CFAs liefern keinen eindeutigen Hinweis für eine ein- oder mehrdimensionale Struktur der BSS. So ist die Auswertung über den BSS-Summenwert trotz Hinweisen auf dessen Reliabilität und konvergente Validität aus empirischer Sicht kritisch zu bewerten.

Abstract

Objective The present study examines dimensionality, reliability and convergent validity of the German Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) in a clinical sample.

Methods 308 inpatients after suicide attempts/acute suicidality participated in the study (53,6% female). Of those, 224 completed the full BSS and self-report questionnaires assessing depression (DESC), hopelessness (BHS), interpersonal variables (INQ) and defeat (DS-d)/entrapment (ES-d). Dimensionality was investigated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, models with 1, 2, 3 and 5 factors) and convergent validity was investigated by correlational analysis (Pearson).

Results In total, the 5-factor model achieved the best fit. Yet, model fit is comparable between all tested models without considering the RMSEA model. The multidimensional models result in similar subscales. Subscales reflecting passive death wishes (α>0,80), active suicidal ideation (α>0,73) and suicide-related behaviors (α>0,70) achieve acceptable internal consistency. The BSS sum score and the subscales assessing passive and active suididal thoughts correlate moderately positive with DESC, BHS, INQ and DS-d/ES-d (r between 0,25 and 0,66) while the behavior-related scale shows smaller (r between 0,14 und 0,27) or no associations (INQ, thwarted belongingness).

Conclusion The CFAs do not provide clear evidence for either an uni- or a multidimensional structure of the BSS. In the light of this finding, use of the BSS score is limited despite evidence supporting its reliability and convergent validity.

Schlüsselwörter

Suizidgedanken - Selbstbeurteilung - Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation - psychometrische Eigenschaften

Key words

suicidal ideation - self-report - psychometric properties - Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation

Publication History

Received: 09 September 2019

Accepted: 24 January 2020

Article published online:
06 April 2020

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