Digitale Medien in der Psychotherapie – Neue Ansätze und Perspektiven in der Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in neue Ansätze und Perspektiven bei der Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen unter Einsatz digitaler Medien. Ausgangslage ist die unzureichende flächendeckende Versorgung bei Traumafolgestörungen und die Suche nach neuen, spezifischen Behandlungsstrategien. Zunächst werden exemplarisch digitale Ansätze vorgestellt, die bekannte analoge Therapien zur Grundlage haben und zu deren Verbreitung und Ökonomisierung beitragen. Der Fokus liegt jedoch auf digitalen Therapien, die neue – z. B. aus der Kognitionswissenschaft entwickelte – Ansätze zur gezielten Arbeit an Symptomen erstmals nach deren Entwicklung in Grundlagenstudien auch an klinischen Populationen anwenden. Beispiele hierfür sind visuospatiale Interventionen zur Reduktion von Intrusionen und Trainings zur Verbesserung der Interferenzkontrolle (um traumabezogene Stimuli zu kontrollieren) oder zur Veränderung automatischer dysfunktionaler Kognitionen. Diese werden mit dem theoretischen Hintergrund und ersten (z.T. klinischen) Studien näher dargestellt, welche bereits vielversprechende Ergebnisse bezüglich Akzeptanz, Anwendbarkeit und Effektivität zeigen.

Abstract

This article provides an insight into novel approaches and perspectives using digital technologies in the treatment of trauma-related disorders. Therapy options for patients with trauma-related disorders are not easily available on a global scale and there is a search for new specific therapeutic strategies. In the first part of this article, examples of digital approaches are provided that are based on established analogue treatments and are designed mainly to increase availability and cost-effectiveness of these treatments. In the second part, the focus lies on digital treatments that employ novel approaches, which are e. g. informed by cognitive science, to specifically target particular symptoms in clinical populations after their development in lab studies. Examples given are visuospatial interventions used to reduce intrusive symptoms, or training programmes to increase levels of interference control (to control trauma-related stimuli), or to change automatic dysfunctional cognitions. These interventions will be presented with their respective theoretical frameworks, along with results from first (partially clinical) studies, which are promising concerning acceptance, applicability and effectiveness.

Schlüsselwörter

Traumafolgestörungen - Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung - Psychotherapie - Innovation - digitale Medien

Key words

posttraumatic stress disorder - psychotherapy - innovation - digital media - trauma-related disorders

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