Immunrelevante Mikronährstoffe bei viralen Atemwegsinfektionen

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Ende 2019 nahm eine neue Coronavirus-Pandemie in der chinesischen Stadt Wuhan in der Provinz Hubei ihren Lauf. Der klinische Verlauf der durch SARS-CoV-2 ausgelösten Lungenerkrankung Covid-19 ist unterschiedlich. Einige Infizierte entwickeln nur leichte oder überhaupt keine Symptome. Bei anderen kommt es rasch zu einem akuten Lungenversagen und zum Tod. Über 80% der Covid-19-Erkrankungen treten bei älteren Menschen (±70 Jahre) mit Grunderkrankungen auf, wie KHK, Krebs, Diabetes mellitus oder zerebrovaskulären Veränderungen (z. B. Demenz). Neben entsprechenden Hygienemaßnahmen, dem individuellen Sozialverhalten, erfolgt derzeit über die Medien kein Hinweis auf die physiologische Bedeutung immunrelevanter Mikronährstoffe, mit der das Immunsystem gegen virale Atemwegserkrankungen unterstützt und Begleitkomplikationen verringert werden könnten. Deshalb sollte bei Covid-19-Patienten grundsätzlich nicht nur der Makonährstoff-, sondern auch der Mikronährstoff-Status labordiagnostisch objektiviert (z. B. 25(OH)D, Selen, Omega-3-Index) und gegebenenfalls gezielt kompensiert werden.

ABSTRACT

Worldwide the pandemic of Covid-19 spreads rapidly and has an enormous public health impact with substantial fatal outcomes especially in high-risk groups, such as older people and patients with comorbidities like diabetes, dementia or cancer. In the absence of a vaccine against Covid-19 there is an urgent need to find supportive therapies that can stabilize the immune system and can help to deal with the infection. As is well known the incidence of malnutrition in German geriatric clinics ranges up to 60% among the hospitalized elderly population. The nutritional (=macro- and micronutrient) status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments. In this context the role of immune-relevant micronutrients, such as vitamin D, retinol, vitamin C, selenium and zinc is of special importance. The laboratory assessment of 25(OH)D, selenium or omega-3-index is therefore mandatory. Micronutrient deficiencies should be right away compensated by individual supplementation.

Schlüsselwörter

Mangelernährung - Immunsystem - Mikronährstoffe - Vitamin D - 25(OH)D - Retinol - Vitamin C - Selen - Zink - Omega-3-Fettsäuren

Key words

Malnutrition - immune system - micronutrients - vitamin D - 25(OH)D - retinol - vitamin C - selenium - zinc - omega-3 fatty acids

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
28. Juni 2020

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