Zur Therapie von Phylloides-Tumoren der Brust – eine Aufarbeitung von 66 Fällen mit Literaturübersicht

Zusammenfassung

Phylloides-Tumore (PT) der Brust werden anhand der Konstellation definierter histologischer Parameter als benigne, borderline und maligne klassifiziert. Die chirurgische Exzision ist die primäre Therapie, aber die Notwendigkeit zur Einhaltung bestimmter Sicherheitsabstände wird für alle drei Kategorien kontrovers diskutiert. Ziel der Arbeit ist eine kritische Stellungnahme zur bestehenden Empfehlung zu Sicherheitsabständen der Resektion.

In unserem Brustzentrum wurden retrospektiv anhand der histopathologischen Dokumentationen von 1999 bis 2018 alle Patientinnen mit Phylloides-Tumoren identifiziert und die Fälle insbesondere hinsichtlich des Auftretens von Rezidiven und Multizentrizität ausgewertet.

Insgesamt wurde bei 66 Patientinnen die Diagnose eines
PT gestellt. Dabei handelte es sich in 38 Fällen um benigne, in 15 um borderline und in 13 um maligne Tumore. Lokalrezidive traten bei einem benignen PT, 7 borderline und 5 malignen
PT auf. Zwei initiale borderline PT zeigten dabei eine Progression zu malignen PT. Multizentrizität trat in etwa 20 % der borderline und malignen PT aber nur bei 5 % der benignen PT auf.

Die Resektionsgrenzen bei Phylloides-Tumoren sollten abhängig von Dignität und Rezidivierung gewählt werden. In Frage zu stellen ist vor allem, ob ein Sicherheitsabstand bei benignen PT einzuhalten ist. Bei einem Auftreten von Rezidiven von borderline oder malignen PT sollte die Indikation zur Mastektomie eher großzügig gestellt werden.

Abstract

Phyllodes tumours (PTs) of the breast are classified as benign, borderline and malignant based on the constellation of defined histological parameters. Surgical excision is the primary therapy, but the need to maintain certain safety margins is still controversially discussed for all three categories.

This paper aims to provide a critical opinion on the existing recommendation on safety margins for resection.

In our breast centre, all patients with phyllodes tumours were identified retrospectively on the basis of the histopathological documentation from 1999 to 2018. The cases were evaluated, in particular, with a view to recurrences and the occurrence of multicentricity.

A total of 66 patients were diagnosed with a PT. In 38 cases, the tumours were benign, in 15 borderline and in 13 malignant. Local recurrences were observed in one benign PT, 7 borderline and 5 malignant PTs. Two PTs that were initially classified as borderline tumours progressed to malignant PTs. Multicentricity occurred in about 20 % of borderline and malignant PTs but only in 5 % of benign PTs.

The resection margins for phyllodes tumours should be chosen depending on dignity and recurrence. The key question to be challenged is whether or not there is a need to maintain a certain safety margin in benign PTs. In case of recurrence of borderline or malignant PTs, a mastectomy should be considered early.

Schlüsselwörter

Rezidiv - Cystosarcoma phylloides - Resektionsgrenzen - Phylloides-Tumor - Brust und Anatomie

Key words

Recurrence - cystosarcoma phylloides - resection margins - phyllodes tumour - breast

Publication History

Received: 03 December 2019

Accepted: 15 April 2020

Article published online:
12 August 2020

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