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Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2020; 48(04): 239-248
DOI: 10.1055/a-1200-0773
Original Article

Analysis of puerperal metritis treatment records in a grazing dairy farm in Argentina

Analyse der Aufzeichnungen zur Behandlung puerperaler Metritiden von Kühen in einem Milchviehbetrieb mit Weidehaltung in Argentinien
Rodolfo Luzbel de la Sota
1   Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
2   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
,
Santiago Corva
3   Cátedra de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, FCV-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
,
German Dominguez
4   Private Practice, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina
,
Laura Vanina Madoz
1   Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
2   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
,
Maria Jaureguiberry
1   Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
2   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
,
Mauricio Giuliodori
5   Cátedra de Fisiología, FCV-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Corrected by:

CorrectionTierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2020; 48(04): E1-E1
DOI: 10.1055/a-1293-0936

Dedication

We dedicate this article to Univ. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Heuwieser upon his 65th birthday.

Abstract

Objective To assess the efficacy of antibiotic usage for the treatment of puerperal metritis (PM) and its association with reproductive performance, a retrospective cohort study including a total of 9168 records of cows from a dairy farm in Argentina was run.

Material and methods Cows having a PM3 (metricheck, scale 0–3) and treated with ceftiofur (ceftiofur crystalline free acid, 6.6 mg/kg) at 0–21 days postpartum (p. p.) (n = 2688), and cows having a PM 1–2 and not treated with an antibiotic at 0–21 days p. p. (n = 6480) were included in the study. All cows were reexamined with metricheck to assess the clinical cure (vaginal discharge [VD] score 0), partial cure (VD score similar or lower than previous), no cure (VD score higher than previous). Cows with a metricheck VD1–3 after 0–21 days p. p. were diagnosed as clinical endometritis (CE) 1–3. The occurrence of PM1–3, cure rate, calving to conception interval, the hazard of pregnancy, odds for non-pregnancy, and odds for CE were analyzed using SAS software.

Results A total of 8876 PM1–3 records were included, 2435 records of PM3 treatments with ceftiofur (27.43 %), and 6441 records of PM1–2 (72.57 %) with no treatment. Cows having PM1 and PM2 became pregnant 14 and 12 days earlier than cows with PM3 (p < 0.001). The PM3 ceftiofur treated cows had a clinical cure of 24.85 % (PM0); 53.63 % had a partially cure; and 18.52 % no cure. Conversely, cows with PM1–2 had a 51.96 %, 20.70 %, and 24.53 % cure rate, respectively (p < 0.001). Cows having complete cure became pregnant 13 and 11 days earlier than cows having partial cure and no cure (p < 0.001). Cows that had PM3 during the first 21 days p. p. had twice the chances of developing CE compared to cows having PM1–2 (41.28 % vs. 24.14 %, p < 0.001). After 21 days p. p., less than 1 % of cows with clinical cure developed CE compared to 63.32 % that developed CE with partial cure, and 38.21 % with no cure (p < 0.001).

Conclusion and clinical relevance After ceftiofur treatment, 78 % of cows were cured when measured by disappearance of fetid VD but only 25 % of cows had clinical cure when measured by appearance of a clear VD. The cows that remained with clinical metritis had more chances of having CE after 21 days p. p. and had more days open than cows with clear normal VD.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Bewertung der Wirksamkeit von Antibiotika zur Behandlung der puerperalen Metritis (PM) und ihres Effekt auf die Reproduktionsleistung von Milchkühen.

Material und Methoden Die retrospektive Kohortenstudie wertete 9168 Datensätzen von Kühen eines Milchviehbetriebs mit ganzjähriger Weidehaltung in Argentinien aus. Es handelte sich um Kühe mit einer PM 3. Grades (PM3, diagnostiziert mittels Metricheck, Skala 0–3), die 0–21 Tage post partum (p. p.) mit Ceftiofur (freie kristalline Säure, 6,6 mg/kg) behandelt worden waren (n = 2688), sowie unbehandelte Kühe mit einer PM 1. und 2. Grades (PM1–2; n = 6480). Alle Kühe wurden 21 Tage p. p. erneut mittels Metricheck untersucht, um die klinische Heilung (Vaginalausfluss [VD], Score 0), eine teilweise Heilung (VD-Score gleich oder niedriger als zuvor) oder keine Heilung (VD-Score höher als zuvor) festzustellen. Bei Kühen mit VD1–3 wurde die Diagnose klinische Endometritis (KE) 1–3 gestellt. Das Auftreten von PM1–3, die Heilungsrate, die Güstzeit, das Risiko einer Trächtigkeit, einer nicht eintretenden Trächtigkeit sowie einer KE wurden mittels SAS-Software analysiert.

Ergebnisse Die finale Auswertung berücksichtigte 8876 Datensätze (PM3: n = 2435, 27,43 %; PM1–2: n = 6441, 72,57 %). Kühe mit PM1 und PM2 wurden 14 bzw. 12 Tage früher trächtig als Kühe mit PM3 (p < 0,001). Die mit Ceftiofur behandelten PM3-Kühe wiesen zu 24,85 % eine klinische Heilung auf, zu 53,63 % eine teilweise Heilung und zu 18,52 % keine Heilung. Dagegen ergab sich bei Kühen mit PM1–2 eine Heilungsrate von 51,96 %, eine teilweise Heilung bei 20,70 % und keine Heilung bei 24,53 % (p < 0,001). Vollständig geheilte Kühe wurden 13 bzw. 11 Tage früher trächtig als teilweise oder nicht geheilte Kühe (p < 0,001). Bei Kühen mit PM3 in den ersten 21 Tagen p. p. war im Vergleich zu Kühen mit PM 1–2 die Wahrscheinlichkeit, später eine KE zu entwickeln, doppelt so groß (41,28 % vs. 24,14 %, p < 0,001). Weniger als 1 % der Kühe mit klinischer Heilung wiesen später eine KE auf. Bei Tieren mit teilweiser oder ohne Heilung betrug dieser Anteil 63,32 % bzw. 38,21 % (p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Nach der Ceftiofur-Behandlung galten 78 % der PM3-Kühe als geheilt, wenn die Heilung als fehlender übelriechender VD beurteilt wurde. Als vollständig geheilt (klarer Ausfluss) wurden jedoch nur 25 % der Kühe bewertet. Kühe mit diagnostizierter Metritis bei der Nachuntersuchung hatten nach mehr als 21 Tagen p. p. ein höheres Risiko einer KE und längere Güstzeiten als Kühe mit physiologischem klarem VD.

Key words

Uterus - dairy cow - ceftiofur - treatment efficacy - antimicrobial resistance

Schlüsselwörter

Uterus - Milchkuh - Ceftiofur - Wirksamkeit der Behandlung - antimikrobielle Resistenz


Publication History

Received: 25 May 2020

Accepted: 30 June 2020

Article published online:
21 August 2020

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 

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