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Int J Sports Med 2021; 42(05): 448-455
DOI: 10.1055/a-1236-3814
Training & Testing

Effects of Custom-made Mouthguards on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity

Johannes Lässing
1   Institute of Sports Medicine & Prevention, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
,
Antina Schulze
1   Institute of Sports Medicine & Prevention, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
,
Stefan Kwast
1   Institute of Sports Medicine & Prevention, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
,
Roberto Falz
2   Institut für Prävention, Universitat Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
,
Maximilian Vondran
3   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
,
Thomas Schröter
4   University Department for Cardiac Surgery Leipzig, Leipzig Heart Centre University Hospital Clinic for Cardiology, Leipzig, Germany
,
Michael Borger
1   Institute of Sports Medicine & Prevention, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
4   University Department for Cardiac Surgery Leipzig, Leipzig Heart Centre University Hospital Clinic for Cardiology, Leipzig, Germany
,
Martin Busse
1   Institute of Sports Medicine & Prevention, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
› Author Affiliations Funding: JL was funded by the European Social Fund (100316844).
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Abstract

The importance of using mouthguards as well as their low acceptance rate have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of customized mouthguards on hemodynamics.. This randomized crossover study used data from 13 subjects (23.5±1.4 years). The cardiopulmonary and metabolic parameters were observed during ergometer tests without mouthguard (control) in comparison to two types of mouthguards (with and normal without breathing channels). Maximum ventilation was significantly decreased with the normal mouthguard (113.3±30.00 l ∙ min−1) in contrast to the mouthguard with breathing channels (122.5±22.9 l ∙ min−1) and control (121.9±30.8 l ∙ min−1). Also the inspiration time was longer when using the normal mouthguard (0.70±0.11 s) compared to the mouthguard with breathing channels (0.63±0.11 s) and control (Co 0.64±0.10 s). Lactate was also increased under the influence of the mouthguard with breathing channels (10.72±1.4 mmol ∙ l−1) compared to the control (9.40±1.77 mmol ∙ l−1) and the normal mouthguard (9.02±1.67 mmol ∙ l−1). In addition, stroke volume kinetics (p=0.048) and maximum heart rates (p=0.01) show changes. Despite equal levels of oxygen uptake and performances under all three conditions, the use of mouthguards showed differences in cardiopulmonary parameters. The use of mouthguards during exercise does not affect physical performance and can be recommended for injury prevention.

Key words

stroke volume - airway resistance - exercise response - ventilation


Publication History

Received: 24 March 2020

Accepted: 02 August 2020

Article published online:
29 October 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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