Magnesium stellt aufgrund seines großen therapeutischen Nutzens und seiner sicheren
Anwendung eine sinnvolle Therapieoption bei unterschiedlichen Notfallsituationen auch
im 21.
Jahrhundert dar. Häufige Indikationen finden sich in der Therapie der
Torsade-de-Pointes-Arrhythmie, Präeklampsie, des schweren Asthmaanfalls und zur fetalen
Neuroprotektion.
Abstract
There are manifold effects of magnesium in the human body. Especially important is
its
role in signal transmission, as a cofactor in enzymes, during muscle contraction and
in
stabilizing the resting membrane potential of the heart. The administration of magnesium
is
possible during preeclampsia and eclampsia, torsade de pointes, acute bronchial asthma
and
imminent premature delivery. Other indications might be in alcohol withdrawal, headache
and
migraine as well as cardiac dysrhythmia. Magnesium should be administered as a bolus
with
consecutive continuous infusion. An intramuscular dose is possible. Magnesium as a
drug has a
broad therapeutic range and is well tolerated, toxic side effects are rare. The attenuation
of
the patellar reflex can be an early sign of magnesium toxicity. Toxicity may include
respiratory depression, somnolence and cardiac dysrhythmia. As an antidote the administration
of calcium gluconate 10% and supportive neostigmine is possible.
Schlüsselwörter
Magnesium - Magnesiumsulfat - Torsades-de-Pointes - Präeklampsie - Asthma bronchiale
Keywords
magnesium - magnesium sulphate - torsades de pointes - preeclampsia - bronchial asthma
