Insomnie im Rahmen neurologischer Erkrankungen

Der Artikel liefert einen Überblick über die Prävalenz, Ursache und Behandlung der Insomnie im Rahmen häufiger neurologischer Erkrankungen (Restless-Legs-Syndrom, Schlaganfall, Multiple Sklerose, Morbus Parkinson und Alzheimer-Demenz). Zudem wird auf die wechselseitigen kausalen Zusammenhänge zwischen Schlafstörungen und neurologischen Erkrankungen hingewiesen.Die Insomnie ist eine häufig komorbide Störung im Rahmen neurologischer Erkrankungen, wird aber noch zu selten erkannt und behandelt. Obwohl weitreichend bekannt ist, welche wesentlichen Bedeutung der Schlaf für das Wohlbefinden im Allgemeinen sowie für die Funktion des Gehirns im Speziellen hat, erhält der Schlaf in Bezug auf Prävention und Behandlung neurologischer Erkrankungen bisher noch wenig Aufmerksamkeit.

This article provides an overview of the prevalence, cause and treatment of insomnia in common neurological diseases (restless legs syndrome, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson´s disease and Alzheimer´s disease) with an additional focus on the bidirectional relationship between sleep and neurological disorders.

Insomnia is prevalent, but frequently unrecognized in the context of neurological diseases. Although it is widely known that sleep has a relevant impact on quality of life in general and cerebral function in particular, sleep disorders receive little attention in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases.

Schlüsselwörter

Insomnie - neurologische Erkrankungen - Behandlung - Diagnostik - Risikofaktor

Key words

Insomnia - neurological diseases - treatment - diagnostic - risk factor

Publication History

Article published online:
18 June 2021

• Literatur

• 1 Riemann D, Baum E, Cohrs S. et al. S3 Leitlinie Nicht erholsamer Schlaf / Schlafstörungen. AWMF-Registernummer 063–001, Kap „Insomnie bei Erwachsenen“. Somnologie 2017; 20 (Suppl. 02): S97-S180. Im Internet: (Stand: 12.06.2020). https://www.dgsm.de/downloads/aktuelles/S3%20LL%20Nicht-erholsamer%20Schlaf%20Kap%20SBAS%2011818_20_s2_2017.pdf
• 2 Allen RP, Picchietti DL, Garcia-Borreguero D. et al. Restless legs syndrome / Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria – history, rationale, description, and significance. International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Sleep Med 2014; 15: 860-873
• 3 Winkelmann J, Allen RP, Högl B. et al. Treatment of restless legs syndrome: Evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice. Mov Disord 2018; 33: 1077-1091
• 4 Loke YK, Brown JW, Kwok CS. et al. Association of obstructive sleep apnea with risk of serious cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2012; 5: 720-728
• 5 Glozier N, Moullaali TJ, Sivertsen B. et al. The course and impact of poststroke insomnia in stroke survivors aged 18 to 65 years: Results from the Psychosocial Outcomes In StrokE (POISE) Study. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2017; 7: 9-20
• 6 Helbig AK, Stöckl D, Heier M. et al. Symptoms of Insomnia and Sleep Duration and Their Association with Incident Strokes: Findings from the Population-Based MONICA / KORA Augsburg Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0134480
• 7 Sahraian MA, Rezaali S, Hosseiny M. et al. Sleep disorder as a triggering factor for relapse in multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol 2017; 77: 258-261
• 8 Bellesi M, Pfister-Genskow M, Maret S. et al. Effects of sleep and wake on oligodendrocytes and their precursors. J Neurosci 2013; 33: 14288-14300. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI 5102–12.2013..
• 9 Hedström AK, Åkerstedt T, Hillert J. et al. Shift work at young age is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2011; 70: 733-741
• 10 Schrempf W, Brandt MD, Storch A. et al. Sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease. J Parkinsons Dis 2014; 4: 211-221
• 11 Choi JH, Kim HJ, Lee JY. et al. Long-term effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation on sleep in patients with Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0221219
• 12 Postuma RB, Iranzo A, Hu M. et al. Risk and predictors of dementia and parkinsonism in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder: a multicentre study. Brain 2019; 142: 744-759
• 13 McKeith IG, Boeve BF, Dickson DW. et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology 2017; 89: 88-100
• 14 Lysen TS, Darweesh SKL, Ikram MK. et al. Sleep and risk of parkinsonism and Parkinsonʼs disease: a population-based study. Brain 2019; 142: 2013-2022
• 15 Lim AS, Ellison BA, Wang JL. et al. Sleep is related to neuron numbers in the ventrolateral preoptic / intermediate nucleus in older adults with and without Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2014; 137: 2847-2861
• 16 McCleery J, Cohen DA, Sharpley AL. Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in Alzheimerʼs disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014: CD009178
• 17 La AL, Walsh CM, Neylan TC. et al. Long-term trazodone use and cognition: a potential therapeutic role for slow-wave sleep enhancers. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67: 911-921
• 18 Lim AS, Yu L, Kowgier M. et al. Modification of the relationship of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele to the risk of Alzheimer disease and neurofibrillary tangle density by sleep. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70: 1544-1551
• 19 Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q. et al. Sleep drives metabolite clearence from the adult brain. Science 2013; 342: 373-377
• 20 Spira AP, Gamaldo AA, An Y. et al. Self-reported sleep and β-amyloid deposition in community-dwelling older adults. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70: 1537-1543