EMG-Phänomene peripherer motorisch axonaler Übererregbarkeit

Zusammenfassung

Bei der Nadel-Elektromyographie (EMG) besitzen Phänomene der vermehrten Erregbarkeit von Muskelfasern und von motorischen Axonen Bedeutung für die Diagnostik neuromuskulärer Erkrankungen. Zur motorisch axonalen Übererregbarkeit gehören spontane Phänomene wie Faszikulationen, spontane kontinuierliche Einzelentladungen der motorischen Einheit (SKEME), Myokymien, neuromyotone Entladungsserien und Krampi. Ferner gehören dazu reizinduzierte Phänomene wie manche A-Wellen, reizinduzierte komplex repetitive Entladungen oder tetanischen Spasmen bei Elektrolytstörungen. In der vorliegenden Übersicht wird der Kenntnisstand zu den verschiedenen Phänomenen motorisch axonaler Übererregbarkeit referiert. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den SKEME als neuem Mitglied der Gruppe spontaner Potenziale aus dem motorischen Axon.

Abstract

In needle electromyography (EMG), phenomena of increased excitability of muscle fibers and motor axons are important for the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases. Motor axonal hyperexcitability includes spontaneous phenomena such as fasciculations, spontaneous continuous motor unit single discharges (SCMUSDs), myokymia, neuromyotonic serial discharges and crampi. It also includes stimulus-induced phenomena such as some A-waves, stimulus-induced complex repetitive discharges or tetanic spasms in electrolyte disturbances. In the present review, the state of knowledge on the various phenomena of motor axonal hyperexcitability is reported. One focus is on SCMUSDs as a new member of the group of spontaneous potentials from the motor axon.

Schlüsselwörter

Nadel-Elektromyographie - Motorische Einheit - Motorisch axonale Übererregbarkeit - Neuropathie - Spontanaktivität

Key words

Needle electromyography - motor unit - motor axonal hyperexcitability - neuropathy - spontaneous activity

Publication History

Article published online:
10 December 2021

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