Psychopathologie und Theorie von Wahrnehmungsstörungen

Zusammenfassung

Die aktuellen Klassifikationssysteme zur Einordung psychiatrischer Störungsbilder gehen primär von einer kategorialen Typologie aus und beschreiben diese als distinkte nosologische Entitäten. Eine eher dimensionale Betrachtungsweise erlaubt hingegen die Beschreibung eines graduierten Übergangs zwischen Pathologien wie auch zwischen Normalität und Pathologie von psychischen Phänomenen und Symptomen . Am Beispiel der akustischen Halluzinationen als häufigste Form der Wahrnehmungsstörungen werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit psychiatrisch-psychopathologische und theoretische Standpunkte für das Für und Wider einer dimensionalen Einordnung psychischer Symptomatik skizziert. Trotz der bestehenden und kontrovers diskutierenden Zweifel an der Gleichartigkeit von realen Wahrnehmungen und akustischen Halluzinationen zugrundeliegenden mentalen Ereignisse, finden sich viele Hinweise für ein Kontinuum halluzinatorischer Symptome in der psychisch gesunden Bevölkerung bis hin zu schizophrenen Patienten. Studien, welche die neurophysiologischen Mechanismen akustischer Halluzinationen auch bei gesunden Probanden mit Stimmenhören im Vergleich zu schizophrenen Patienten untersuchen, könnten zur weiteren Differenzierung beitragen.

Abstract

Current classification systems for psychiatric disorders are primarly based on categorial typologies and describe these as distinct nosological entities. A dimensional perspective allows descriptions of a gradual transition between pathologies as well as between normality and pathologies of psychiatric symptoms. Using acoustic hallucinations as most common form of perception disturbances as example, psychiatric-psychopathological and theoretical pros and cons for a dimensional classification of psychiatric symptomatology are sketched in this article. Although doubts concerning the similarity of real perceptions and acoustic hallucinations which underlie such mental events are controversially discussed, many hints could be found for a continuum of hallucinatoric symptoms from the mentally healthy population up to the group of patients with schizophrenia. Studies which investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of acoustic hallucinations such as hearing voices in healthy persons in comparison to those in patients with schizophrenia could contribute to further differentiation.

Schlüsselwörter

Wahrnehmungsstörungen - Halluzinationen - Pseudohalluzinationen - akustische Halluzinationen

Key words

Perceptions disturbances - hallucinations - pseudohallucinations - acoustic hallucinations

Publication History

Received: 27 August 2021

Accepted after revision: 06 December 2021

Article published online:
23 February 2022

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