Botulinum Toxins for Esthetic Facial Injections: A Scientific Review to Support Evidence-Based Best Practice

Abstract

Botulinum toxins (BoNT) are complex biological products. Each licensed BoNT type A (BoNTA) has its own individual characteristics resulting into different attributes, some of them being of clinical relevance. Besides profound anatomical knowledge and understanding of esthetic principles, the responsible injecting physician should be aware of those pharmaceutical and clinical properties. Especially against the background of new BoNTA formulations receiving approval by the authorities, a critical and dedicated discussion on the individual characteristics should take place, and the potential relevance on the treatment outcome should be taken into consideration.

Keywords

botulinum toxins - esthetic injections - clinical attributes

Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
04 January 2022

Article published online:
08 March 2022

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