In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of ACE2 and LOX Inhibitory Activity of Origanum Essential Oils and Carvacrol

Fatih Demirci; Kerem Teralı; Ayşe Esra Karadağ; Sevde Nur Biltekin; Ezgi Ak Sakallı; Betül Demirci; Müberra Koşar; K. Hüsnü Can Başer

doi:10.1055/a-1828-2479

Planta Medica, Table of Contents

Planta Med 2023; 89(08): 790-799
DOI: 10.1055/a-1828-2479

Biological and Pharmacological Activity

Original Papers

In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of ACE2 and LOX Inhibitory Activity of Origanum Essential Oils and Carvacrol^{[
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Authors

Fatih Demirci

¹Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey

²Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, N. Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
Kerem Teralı

³Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Girne American University, Kyrenia, Mersin 10, Turkey
Ayşe Esra Karadağ

⁴Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey

⁵Graduate School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
Sevde Nur Biltekin

⁶Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey

⁷Institute of Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
Ezgi Ak Sakallı

²Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, N. Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
Betül Demirci

¹Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
Müberra Koşar

²Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, N. Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
K. Hüsnü Can Başer

⁸Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, N. Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey

Abstract

Origanum spp. are used both for culinary purposes and for their biological activities. In this study, commercial Origanum majorana, Origanum minutiflorum, Origanum vulgare, and Origanum onites essential oils and their prominent constituent carvacrol were evaluated for their in vitro and in silico angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory potentials. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, where carvacrol was identified as the major component (62 – 81%), confirming the quality. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays were conducted both with the essential oils (20 µg/mL) and with carvacrol (5 µg/mL). The comparative values of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 percent inhibition for O. majorana, O. minutiflorum, O. vulgare, and O. onites essential oils were determined as 85.5, 79.1, 74.3, and 42.8%, respectively. As a result of the enzyme assays, carvacrol showed 90.7% in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitory activity. The in vitro lipoxygenase inhibition of the essential oils (in the same order) was 89.4, 78.9, 81.1, and 73.5%, respectively, where carvacrol showed 74.8% inhibition. In addition, protein–ligand docking and interaction profiling was used to gain structural and mechanistic insights into the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and lipoxygenase inhibitory potentials of major Origanum essential oil constituents. The in silico findings agreed with the significant enzyme inhibition activity observed in vitro. Further in vivo studies are suggested to confirm the safety and efficacy of the oils.

Key words

Lamiaceae - Origanum spp. - essential oil - ACE2 - LOX - carvacrol

Full Text

References

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Supplementary Material

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In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of ACE2 and LOX Inhibitory Activity of Origanum Essential Oils and Carvacrol[ # ]

Authors

In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of ACE2 and LOX Inhibitory Activity of Origanum Essential Oils and Carvacrol^{[
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