Krebsrisiko bei Prädiabetes und Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus

Zusammenfassung

Krebs ist nun die führende Todesursache bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus (T2D). Prädiabetes und T2D erhöhen das Risiko für bestimmte Tumoren. Zu den Prädiabetes- bzw. T2D-assoziierten Malignomen zählen gastrointestinale, gynäkologische, urologische und endokrine Karzinome aber auch Leukämien. Prädiabetes und T2D bedingen eine 1,2- bis 2,7-fach erhöhte Krebssterblichkeit. Zugrundeliegende Mechanismen der Assoziation zwischen T2D und Krebs beinhalten die chronische Hyperglykämie, einen chronischen systemischen Entzündungszustand, oxidativen Stress, Dyslipidämie, die Insulinresistenz sowie chronisch erhöhte Spiegel von insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) und von Insulin. Eine dauerhafte Gewichtsreduktion kann das Krebsrisiko adipöser T2D-Patienten signifikant senken. Ein gesunder Lebensstil und die regelmäßige Teilnahme an Vorsorgeuntersuchungen sind wichtig und können die Krebsmortalität von Diabetespatienten erheblich verringern.

Abstract

Cancer has become the leading cause of death among patients with type-2-diabetes (T2D). Both prediabetes and T2D increase cancer risk. Prediabetes and T2D are causally associated with gastrointestinal, gynecologic, urologic and endocrine cancers as well as leukemias. Both prediabetes and T2D raise cancer mortality by 1.2- to 2.7-fold. Mechanisms underlying the association between T2D and cancer are chronic hyperglycemia, chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and chronic high levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Intentional long-term weight loss reduces the cancer risk of obese T2D-patients. Both a healthy lifestyle and cancer screening are effective and can decrease cancer mortality among T2D-patients.

Schlüsselwörter

Tumor - Pankreas - Leber - Darm - Magen - Karzinom

Keywords

liver - pancreas - colorectal - stomach - tumor - biliary

Publication History

Received: 17 February 2022

Accepted after revision: 26 April 2022

Article published online:
01 June 2022

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