Shared Mechanisms between Cardiovascular Disease and NAFLD

Daniel Q. Huang; Michael Downes; Ronald M. Evans; Joseph L. Witztum; Christopher K. Glass; Rohit Loomba

doi:10.1055/a-1930-6658

Seminars in Liver Disease, Table of Contents

Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42(04): 455-464
DOI: 10.1055/a-1930-6658

Review Article

Shared Mechanisms between Cardiovascular Disease and NAFLD

Daniel Q. Huang

¹NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California

²Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

³Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore

,

Michael Downes

⁴Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California

,

Ronald M. Evans

⁴Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California

,

Joseph L. Witztum

⁵Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University California San Diego, San Diego, California

,

Christopher K. Glass

⁶Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California

⁷Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California

,

Rohit Loomba

¹NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California

⁸Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

The burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising globally. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with NAFLD. Nearly half of individuals with NAFLD have coronary heart disease, and more than a third have carotid artery atherosclerosis. Individuals with NAFLD are at a substantially higher risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. NAFLD and cardiovascular disease share multiple common disease mechanisms, such as systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, genetic risk variants, and gut microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in NAFLD, and highlight common risk factors. In addition, we examine recent advances evaluating the shared disease mechanisms between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, multidisciplinary collaborations are required to further our understanding of the complex relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease and potentially identify therapeutic targets.

Keywords

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - pathogenesis - atherosclerosis - coronary artery disease

Full Text

References

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