Intima-Media-Dicke und atherosklerotische Plaques der Arteria carotis

Kardiovaskuläre und zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankungen gehören weltweit zu den häufigsten Todesursachen. Zur frühzeitigen Identifizierung und präventiven Behandlung von asymptomatischen Hochrisikopersonen ist eine verlässliche Vorhersage des individuellen Risikos eine essenzielle Voraussetzung. Der vorliegende CME-Artikel beleuchtet den Stellenwert von Biomarkern subklinischer Atherosklerose für die individuelle Risikoprädiktion.

Abstract

Early identification and preventive treatment of asymptomatic subjects with high risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases requires accurate individual risk prediction. This article reviews the role of ultrasonography-based biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis such as carotid intima-media thickness or atherosclerotic plaques for individual risk assessment. The article summarizes the results of cohort studies which investigated the additive effect of ultrasonography-based biomarkers to well-established risk models based on a combination of traditional risk factors. Furthermore, the article reviews the association of less well-established plaque characteristics like plaque echolucency and intraplaque neovascularization with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Schlüsselwörter

Intima-Media-Dicke - atherosklerotische Plaque - A. carotis - B-Bild-Sonografie - zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankung - kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung - Risikoprädiktion

Key words

intima media thickness - atherosclerotic plaques - carotid artery - B-mode ultrasonography - cerebrovascular disease - cardiovascular disease - risk prediction

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