Ultraschall in der Intensivmedizin: Abdomen- und Lungensonografie sowie Echokardiografie

Im Kontext der Intensivmedizin ergeben sich verschiedene Fragestellungen, die durch den Einsatz des Ultraschalls teilweise oder vollständig beantwortet werden können und die gerade in der Frühphase der Diagnostik aufgrund der schnellen und unkomplizierten Verfügbarkeit ihre Bedeutung unterstreichen. Das konventionelle B-Bild und die Duplexsonografie sind in diesem Zusammenhang die federführenden Methoden.

Schlüsselwörter

Echokardiografie - Lungenultraschall - Abdomensonografie - abdomineller Ultraschall - Bedside-Diagnostik - Pfortaderthrombose

• Literatur

• 1 Bekker J, Ploem S, de Jong KP. Early hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation: a systematic review of the incidence, outcome and risk factors. Am J Transplant 2009; 9: 746-757
• 2 Gunsar F, Rolando N, Pastacaldi S. et al. Late hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2003; 9: 605-611
• 3 Girometti R, Pancot M, Como G. et al. Imaging of liver transplantation. Eur J Radiol 2017; 93: 295-307
• 4 Sidhu PS, Shaw AS, Ellis SM. et al. Microbubble ultrasound contrast in the assessment of hepatic artery patency following liver transplantation: role in reducing frequency of hepatic artery arteriography. Eur Radiol 2004; 14: 21-30
• 5 Abdelaziz O, Attia H. Doppler ultrasonography in living donor liver transplantation recipients: intra- and post-operative vascular complications. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22: 6145-6172
• 6 De Gaetano AM, Cotroneo AR, Maresca G. et al. Color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis and monitoring of arterial complications after liver transplantation. J Clin Ultrasound 2000; 28: 373-380
• 7 Ju C, Li X, Gadani S. et al. Portal vein thrombosis: diagnosis and endovascular management. Rofo 2022; 194: 169-180
• 8 De Gottardi A, Berzigotti A, Buscarini E. et al. Ultrasonography in liver vascular disease. Ultraschall Med 2018; 39: 382-405
• 9 Chong WK, Beland JC, Weeks SM. Sonographic evaluation of venous obstruction in liver transplants. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 188: W515-W521
• 10 Trowbridge RL, Rutkowski NK, Shojania KG. Does this patient have acute cholecystitis?. JAMA 2003; 289: 80-86
• 11 Barie PS, Eachempati SR. Acute acalculous cholecystitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2003; 5: 302-309
• 12 Rimkus C, Kalff JC. Die Intensivgallenblase als Schockorgan: Symptome und Therapie. Chirurg 2013; 84: 197-201
• 13 Zielke A, Nies C, Förster R. et al. Ileokolische Invagination im Erwachsenenalter. Sonographische Charakteristika. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1991; 116: 1424-1427
• 14 Grunshaw ND, Renwick IG, Scarisbrick G. et al. Prospective evaluation of ultrasound in distal ileal and colonic obstruction. Clin Radiol 2000; 55: 356-362
• 15 Wallstabe L, Veitt R, Korner T. Diagnose perforierter Magengeschwüre durch Ultraschall. Z Gastroenterol 2002; 40: 877-880
• 16 Grechening W, Peicha G, Clement HG. et al. Detection of pneumoperitoneum by ultrasound: an experimental and clinical study. Injury 1999; 30: 173-178
• 17 McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M. et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021; 42: 3599-3726
• 18 Ahmed I, Sasikumar N. Echocardiography Imaging Techniques. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023
• 19 Pastore MC, Ilardi F, Stefanini A. et al. Bedside ultrasound for hemodynamic monitoring in cardiac intensive care unit. J Clin Med 2022; 11: 7538
• 20 Trifunović-Zamaklar D, Jovanović I, Vratonjić J. et al. The basic heart anatomy and physiology from the cardiologist’s perspective: toward a better understanding of left ventricular mechanics, systolic, and diastolic function. J Clin Ultrasound 2022; 50: 1026-1040
• 21 Lau YH, See KC. Point-of-care ultrasound for critically-ill patients: a mini-review of key diagnostic features and protocols. World J Crit Care Med 2022; 11: 70-84
• 22 Lehmann S, Schröter T, Lehmann A. et al. Perikarderguss: Differenzierte Diagnostik, Überwachung und Therapie. Chirurg 2011; 82: 1001-1007
• 23 Pérez-Casares A, Cesar S, Brunet-Garcia L. et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Front Pediatr 2017; 5: 79
• 24 Brogi E, Bignami E, Sidoti A. et al. Could the use of bedside lung ultrasound reduce the number of chest x-rays in the intensive care unit?. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2017; 15: 23
• 25 Blaivas M, DeBehnke D, Phelan MB. Potential errors in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion on trauma ultrasound for penetrating injuries. Acad Emerg Med 2000; 7: 1261-1266
• 26 Oks M, Cleven KL, Cardenas-Garcia J. et al. The effect of point-of-care ultrasonography on imaging studies in the medical ICU: a comparative study. Chest 2014; 146: 1574-1577
• 27 Dunn MJ, Gwinnutt CL, Gray AJ. Critical care in the emergency department: patient transfer. Emerg Med J 2007; 24: 40-44
• 28 Tecce PM, Fishman EK, Kuhlman JE. CT evaluation of the anterior mediastinum: spectrum of disease. Radiographics 1994; 14: 973-990
• 29 Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Computed tomography–an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2277-2284
• 30 Tapson VF. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. F1000 Med Rep 2012; 4: 9
• 31 Lichtenstein D, Goldstein I, Mourgeon E. et al. Comparative diagnostic performances of auscultation, chest radiography, and lung ultrasonography in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anesthesiology 2004; 100: 9-15
• 32 Michels G, Breitkreutz R, Pfister R. Value of lung ultrasound in emergency and intensive care medicine. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2014; 139: 2301-2307
• 33 Colins JD, Burwell D, Furmanski S. et al. Minimal detectable pleural effusions. A roentgen pathology model. Radiology 1972; 105: 51-53
• 34 Gryminski J, Krakowka P, Lypacewicz G. The diagnosis of pleural effusion by ultrasonic and radiologic techniques. Chest 1976; 70: 33-37
• 35 Radzina M, Biederer J. Ultrasonography of the lung. Rofo 2019; 191: 909-923
• 36 Hassan M, Rizk R, Essam H. et al. Validation of equations for pleural effusion volume estimation by ultrasonography. J Ultrasound 2017; 20: 267-271
• 37 Efremov SM, Kuzkov VV, Fot EV. et al. Lung ultrasonography and cardiac surgery: a narrative review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34: 3113-3124
• 38 Ball CG, Ranson K, Dente CJ. et al. Clinical predictors of occult pneumothoraces in severely injured blunt polytrauma patients: a prospective observational study. Injury 2009; 40: 44-47
• 39 Staub LJ, Biscaro RRM, Kaszubowski E. et al. Chest ultrasonography for the emergency diagnosis of traumatic pneumothorax and haemothorax: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury 2018; 49: 457-466
• 40 Alrajhi K, Woo MY, Vaillancourt C. Test characteristics of ultrasonography for the detection of pneumothorax. Chest 2012; 141: 703-708
• 41 Dolich MO, McKenney MG, Varela J E. et al. Ultrasounds for blunt abdominal trauma. J Trauma 2001; 50: 108-112
• 42 Moore CL, Copel JA. Point-of-care ultrasonography. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 749-757
• 43 Hahn D, Offermann S, Holmes J. Clinical importance of intraperitoneal fluid in patients with blunt intra-abdominal injury. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20: 595-600
• 44 Valentin ML, Clemens R, Thalhammer C. [Duplex ultrasound of deep vein thrombosis of the leg]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2016; 141: 946-949
• 45 Malato A, Dentali F, Siragusa S. et al. The impact of deep vein thrombosis in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of major clinical outcomes. Blood Transfus 2015; 13: 559-568
• 46 Clevert D-A, Jung EM, Pfister K. et al. Moderne Ultraschalldiagnostik der Beinvenenthrombose bei unklarer Genese der Lungenembolie. Radiologe 2007; 47: 673-684
• 47 Jung E, Kubale R, Jungius KP. et al. Digitale Ultraschalldiagnostik der Unterschenkelvenenthrombose mit Harmonic Imaging und Cross-Beam-Technik. Rofo 2006; 178: 55-63
• 48 Valentin ML, Clemens R, Thalhammer C. Duplexsonografie der tiefen Beinvenenthrombose. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2016; 141: 946-949
• 49 Čečatka S, Klambauer K, Clevert DA. Compression ultrasound for suspected thrombosis. MMW Fortschr Med 2022; 164: 60-70
• 50 Trimarchi S, Tolenaar JL, Jonker FHW. et al. Importance of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection prognosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145 (Suppl. 3) S208-S212
• 51 Bhoil R, Ahluwalia A, Chopra R. et al. Signs and lines in lung ultrasound. J Ultrason 2021; 21: e225-e233