Epidemiologische Studien zeigen, dass die Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten
in Zimmern mit vorherigem Aufenthalt einer Person mit Nachweis multiresistenter Erreger
(MRE) mit einem erhöhten Risiko des Auftretens dieser Erreger assoziiert ist. Deshalb
stellt sich regelmäßig die Frage, ob MRE auch eine Resistenz gegenüber den eingesetzten
Desinfektionsmitteln aufweisen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen
Stand zu dieser Frage.
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that the care of patients in rooms with a previous stay
by a person with evidence of multi-resistant pathogens (MRP) is associated with an
increased risk of these pathogens occurring. The question therefore regularly arises
as to whether MRP also exhibit resistance to the disinfectants used. To date, there
are no standardised definitions for “resistance” to disinfectants. However, disinfectants
authorised on the market are also effective against multi-resistant pathogens and
the failure of efficient disinfection is mainly caused by application errors (insufficient
cleaning, incomplete wetting, incorrect application concentration or exposure time
etc.). The effectiveness of disinfectants depends on a variety of environmental factors
(especially accompanying contamination). A reduced sensitivity to disinfectants can
occur in individual isolates due to selection under sub-inhibitory concentrations
of disinfectants. Resistance mechanisms to antibiotics do not mediate cross-resistance
to disinfectants, but a change in the permeability of bacterial cells can influence
sensitivity to disinfectants and antibiotics. In general, the success of routine disinfection
can be improved by suitable process controls and contribute to reducing the transmission
of MRP.
Schlüsselwörter
Desinfektionsmittel - Resistenz - Toleranz - Umweltkontamination
Keywords
disinfectants - resistance - tolerance - environmental contamination
