Navigation versus Robotik in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie – Pro Robotik

Zusammenfassung

Der erste durch einen Roboter unterstützte Wirbelsäuleneingriff wurde vor 20 Jahren durchgeführt. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt waren bereits optische Navigationssysteme verfügbar, die überwiegend kranial, aber auch spinal eingesetzt wurden. Verglichen mit der sich rasch verbreitenden Navigation etablierte sich die spinale Robotik anfangs nur langsam. In den letzten zehn Jahren gab es jedoch einen entscheidenden Entwicklungsschub, bei dem die optische Navigation mit robotischen Assistenzarmen kombiniert wurde. Aktuell kommen auch in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie erste aktive Endeffektoren zum Einsatz. Durch das ideale Zusammenspiel mit intraoperativer 3D-Bildgebung bieten moderne navigierte OP-Roboter eine sehr präzise, sichere, zeit- und strahlensparende Unterstützung im OP-Saal. Nicht nur der Patient, sondern auch das OP-Personal – OTA und Operateure – profitieren von dieser Technologie. Es gelingt komplexe spinale Operationen mit einem niedrigeren physischen und psychischen Anspannungsgrad durchzuführen. Die Integration von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI), maschinellem Lernen (ML), Augmented Reality (AR) sowie die Weiterentwicklung aktiver Funktionen bieten zukünftig weitreichende Innovationsmöglichkeiten in der Operationsplanung und Durchführung. Navigierte robotische Assistenz stellt somit nicht nur eine konsequente Weiterentwicklung der spinalen Navigation dar, sondern ist ein Instrument im Operationssaal, welches das Potential hat, synergistisch mit dem Operateur zu interagieren.

Abstract

The first robot-assisted spinal procedure was performed 20 years ago. At that time, optical navigation systems had already been available for several years and were used primarily cranially but also increasingly spinally. Compared to the rapidly spreading navigation, spinal robotics initially established itself only slowly. In the last ten years, however, there has been a decisive development in which optical navigation was combined with robotic assistance arms. Currently, the first active end effectors are also being used in spinal surgery. In particular, due to the ideal interaction with intraoperative 3D imaging, modern navigated surgical robots provide very precise, safe, time- and radiation-saving support in the operating room. Not only the patient but also the operating room staff – OTA and surgeons – benefit from this technology. Complex spinal operations can be carried out with a lower level of physical and psychological stress. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), augmented reality and further development of active functions offer far-reaching innovation opportunities in the field of surgical planning and execution in the future. Therefore, navigated robotic assistance represents not only a logical further development of spinal navigation but also a tool in the operating room that has the potential to interact synergistically with the surgeon.

Schlüsselwörter

roboterunterstützte spinale Chirurgie - spinale Navigation - navigierte Robotik an der Wirbelsäule - Robotik in der Chirurgie - minimalinvasive Wirbelsäulenchirurgie

Keywords

robot-assisted spinal surgery - spinal navigation - navigated robotics on the spine - robotics in surgery - minimally invasive spine surgery

Publication History

Article published online:
27 January 2025

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