Besonderheiten des Impfens nach Nierentransplantation

Zusammenfassung

Patienten nach einer Nierentransplantation (NTx) sind besonders anfällig für Infektionen, da ihre Immunantwort durch immunsuppressive Therapien stark beeinträchtigt wird. Infektionen erhöhen nicht nur das Risiko für Morbidität und Mortalität, sondern können auch die Funktion des Nierentransplantats beeinträchtigen und Abstoßungsreaktionen auslösen. Daher ist die Infektionsprävention für die wachsende Anzahl an Transplantationsempfängern von höchster Bedeutung. Das Risiko einer Infektion und die Möglichkeit, Infektionen durch Impfungen zu verhindern, hängen direkt vom „net state of immunosuppression“ des einzelnen Patienten ab. Impfantworten und Sicherheitsprofile können bei Transplantationspatienten erheblich von denen der Allgemeinbevölkerung abweichen, was unterschiedliche Impfstrategien und Booster-Impfung in dieser vulnerablen Patientengruppe erforderlich macht. Zum Schutz der immunsupprimierten Patienten können neben Impfstoffen auch passive Immunisierungen, wie intravenöse Immunglobuline und zusätzliche Maßnahmen wie antivirale Prophylaxe nach Influenza-Exposition notwendig sein.

Publication History

Article published online:
11 February 2025

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