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DOI: 10.1055/a-2532-6269
Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom: vom Screening bis zur Therapie
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: from Screening to TherapyAuthors
Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) zählt – als die häufigste primäre maligne Tumorerkrankung der Leber – weltweit zu den tödlichsten Krebsarten. Seine Inzidenz nimmt global zu, was maßgeblich auf die steigende Prävalenz chronischer Lebererkrankungen zurückzuführen ist. Während chronische virale Hepatitiden und Alkoholmissbrauch bisher als Hauptrisikofaktoren galten, gewinnt die Metabolische-Dysfunktions-assoziierte Steatohepatitis (MASH) zunehmend an Bedeutung.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The incidence is increasing globally, primarily due to the rising prevalence of chronic liver diseases. While chronic viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV) and alcohol abuse have traditionally been considered the main risk factors, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is increasingly gaining importance, especially in Western industrialized nations. In the vast majority of cases, HCC develops on the basis of liver cirrhosis. When cirrhosis is present, diagnosis can usually be reliably made through dynamic imaging techniques. However, despite established surveillance programs, most cases of HCC are often diagnosed only at advanced stages, which significantly limits therapeutic options. The treatment of HCC depends on tumor stage, overall health, and liver function of the affected patients. Selecting the appropriate therapy requires a multidisciplinary decision-making process. While curative options include resection, transplantation, and local ablation, advanced stages are managed with loco-regional therapies or systemic treatments. In recent years, the therapeutic spectrum has been significantly expanded by the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Particularly, immunotherapeutic combination therapies approved for first-line treatment have significantly improved the overall survival of patients with advanced HCC. Nevertheless, the prognosis remains unfavorable in many cases, highlighting the need for further research to identify predictive biomarkers and develop innovative therapies.
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Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) ist der häufigste lebereigene Tumor, mit steigender Inzidenz.
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Das HCC tritt überwiegend in der zirrhotischen Leber auf.
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Ein effektives Screening- und Surveillance-Programm ist für Risikopatienten etabliert.
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Für die Diagnosestellung sind bildgebende Verfahren essenziell.
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Die stadiengerechte Therapie umfasst kurative Verfahren wie die Lebertransplantation, Resektion und Ablation sowie palliative Therapieansätze lokaler und systemischer Art.
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Die Zukunft liegt in der Präzisionsmedizin: molekulare Subtypisierung, prädiktive Biomarker und personalisierte Immuntherapien werden zunehmend die Therapieentscheidungen beeinflussen.
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Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und die konsequente Anwendung evidenzbasierter Leitlinien sind die Schlüssel zur Verbesserung der Prognose beim HCC.
Publication History
Article published online:
10 October 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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