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DOI: 10.1055/a-2593-4467
Positionspapier der DDG, DGA, DGG und DeGiR zur Diagnostik und Behandlung der pAVK bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors
Die DDG-Praxisempfehlungen werden regelmäßig zur zweiten Jahreshälfte aktualisiert. Bitte stellen Sie sicher, dass Sie jeweils die neueste Version lesen und zitieren.
Neuerung 1: Medikamentöse Therapie der symptomatischen PAVK im Stadium II (Claudicatio) bei Menschen mit Diabetes.
Begründung: Verbesserung der Gehleistung, Lebensqualität und Reduktion von MALE bei Menschen mit Diabetes und PAVK im Stadium der Schaufensterkrankheit unter wöchentlicher Therapie mit Semaglutide (1 mg/ Woche s. c.)
Stützende Quellenangabe: [84]
Neuerung 2: Empfehlungen bei Claudicatio intermittens modifiziert mit Betonung des strukturierten Gehtrainings
Begründung: neue S3 LL pAVK 2024
Stützende Quellenangabe: [1]
Neuerung 3: Aktualisierung der interventionellen Behandlungsempfehlungen zu den Gefäßabschnitten aorto-iliakal, femoro-popliteal und cruro-pedal
Begründung: Anpassung der Empfehlungen nach aktueller Datenlage und LL
Stützende Quellenangabe: [1]
Neuerung 4: Kritische Exltremitätenischämie
Begründung: Anpassung der Empfehlungen nach aktueller Datenlage und LL
Diese Praxisempfehlung basiert auf den aktuellen deutschen und internationalen Leitlinienempfehlungen [1] [2] und dient als kurze, klinisch orientierte Handlungsanweisung zur Diagnostik und Therapie bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus (Dm) und peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK).
Periphere Durchblutungsstörungen der Becken- und Beinarterien sind eine der Folgekomplikationen von Patienten mit Dm. Der Begriff umfasst Stenosen, Verschlüsse und – in geringerem Maße – aneurysmatische Gefäßveränderungen der Becken-Bein-Arterien.
Arterielle Gefäßläsionen treten zumeist in höherem Lebensalter auf. Menschen mit Dm sind jedoch oft vorzeitig betroffen. Bei diesen Patienten ist der Zeitpunkt der Erstmanifestation zudem abhängig von Erkrankungsdauer und Güte der Stoffwechseleinstellung. Nur 25 % der betroffenen Patienten haben Symptome.
Insbesondere bei Patienten mit Dm verläuft die Atheromatose der peripheren Gefäße aufgrund chronischer inflammatorischer Gefäßwandprozesse und der Hyperkoagulabilität aggraviert.
Diabetes mellitus ist nach dem Nikotinabusus der wichtigste Risikofaktor für das Auftreten einer pAVK [11] [93].
Patienten mit Dm haben ein 2- bis 4-fach höheres Risiko, eine pAVK zu entwickeln, als Patienten ohne Dm.
Bis zu 30 % aller Patienten mit Claudicatio und 50 % aller Patienten mit chronischer Extremitäten-bedrohender Ischämie (chronic limb-threatening ischemia, CLTI) sind Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus [5].
pAVK-Patienten mit Dm haben spezifische anatomisch-morphologische sowie klinische Charakteristika, die es beim diagnostischen und therapeutischen Herangehen zu berücksichtigen gilt. Im Vergleich zu Menschen ohne Dm entwickelt sich die pAVK bei Menschen mit Dm früher, schreitet schneller voran und geht häufiger in die CLTI über. Anatomisch-morphologisch ist eine multisegmentale Manifestation mit langstreckigen, kalzifizierten Stenosen/Verschlüssen der Unterschenkelarterien mit unzureichender Kollateralbildung typisch. Klinisch präsentieren sich Menschen mit Dm häufig mit einer kritischen Ischämie, auch weil die einer kritischen Ischämie vorausgehende Claudicatio intermittens und der Ruheschmerz durch die diabetische sensible Polyneuropathie lange Zeit maskiert bleiben können. Die schlechte Prognose hinsichtlich des amputationsfreien Überlebens bei Menschen mit Dm ist einerseits bedingt durch die hohen Ischämie- und Ulkusrezidivraten und die damit einhergehenden Minor- und Majoramputationen, anderseits durch eine hohe Rate an Komorbiditäten und Koprävalenz von Endorganschäden wie Herz- und Niereninsuffizienz, die die Mortalität unabhängig erhöhen.
Die bedeutendsten Konsequenzen diabetischer peripherer Durchblutungsstörungen sind Fußläsionen (Ulzerationen und Gangrän) und als Folge des ischämischen oder neuroischämischen diabetischen Fußsyndroms (DFS) kleine (Minor-) und große (Major-) Amputationen ([Tab. 1]).
CI: Claudicatio intermittens.
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Die Zahl der Patienten mit pAVK und Dm nimmt stetig zu.
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Das Amputationsrisiko von Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus ist bei Vorhandensein einer pAVK deutlich erhöht.
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Rechtzeitiges Erkennen der pAVK reduziert die Amputationsrate und verringert bei leitliniengerechter Behandlung die kardio-vaskuläre Ereignisrate.
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Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und rasche Revaskularisation sind bei chronischer Extremitäten-bedrohender Ischämie entscheidend.
Publication History
Article published online:
24 December 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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